TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simon, Paul
AU  - Grüner, Daniel
AU  - Worch, Hartmut
AU  - Pompe, Wolfgang
AU  - Lichte, Hannes
AU  - El Khassawna, Thaqif
AU  - Heiss, Christian
AU  - Wenisch, Sabine
AU  - Kniep, Rüdiger
TI  - First Evidence of Octacalcium Phosphate@Osteocalcin Nanocomplex as Skeletal Bone Component Directing Collagen Triple–Helix Nanofibril Mineralization
JO  - Scientific reports
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
SN  - 2045-2322
CY  - [London]
PB  - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
M1  - FZJ-2018-05829
SP  - 13696
PY  - 2018
AB  - Tibia trabeculae and vertebrae of rats as well as human femur were investigated by high-resolution TEM at the atomic scale in order to reveal snapshots of the morphogenetic processes of local bone ultrastructure formation. By taking into account reflections of hydroxyapatite for Fourier filtering the appearance of individual alpha–chains within the triple–helix clearly shows that bone bears the feature of an intergrowth composite structure extending from the atomic to the nanoscale, thus representing a molecular composite of collagen and apatite. Careful Fourier analysis reveals that the non–collagenous protein osteocalcin is present directly combined with octacalcium phosphate. Besides single spherical specimen of about 2 nm in diameter, osteocalcin is spread between and over collagen fibrils and is often observed as pearl necklace strings. In high-resolution TEM, the three binding sites of the γ-carboxylated glutamic acid groups of the mineralized osteocalcin were successfully imaged, which provide the chemical binding to octacalcium phosphate. Osteocalcin is attached to the collagen structure and interacts with the Ca–sites on the (100) dominated hydroxyapatite platelets with Ca-Ca distances of about 9.5 Å. Thus, osteocalcin takes on the functions of Ca–ion transport and suppression of hydroxyapatite expansion.
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:30209287
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000444377500016
DO  - DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-31983-5
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/856430
ER  -