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@ARTICLE{Schulz:856664,
      author       = {Schulz, Christiane and Schneider, Johannes and Amorim
                      Holanda, Bruna and Appel, Oliver and Costa, Anja and de Sá,
                      Suzane S. and Dreiling, Volker and Fütterer, Daniel and
                      Jurkat-Witschas, Tina and Klimach, Thomas and Knote,
                      Christoph and Krämer, Martina and Martin, Scot T. and
                      Mertes, Stephan and Pöhlker, Mira L. and Sauer, Daniel and
                      Voigt, Christiane and Walser, Adrian and Weinzierl,
                      Bernadett and Ziereis, Helmut and Zöger, Martin and
                      Andreae, Meinrat O. and Artaxo, Paulo and Machado, Luiz A.
                      T. and Pöschl, Ulrich and Wendisch, Manfred and Borrmann,
                      Stephan},
      title        = {{A}ircraft-based observations of isoprene-epoxydiol-derived
                      secondary organic aerosol ({IEPOX}-{SOA}) in the tropical
                      upper troposphere over the {A}mazon region},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {18},
      number       = {20},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-06026},
      pages        = {14979 - 15001},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {During the ACRIDICON-CHUVA field project
                      (September–October 2014; based in Manaus, Brazil)
                      aircraft-based in situ measurements of aerosol chemical
                      composition were conducted in the tropical troposphere over
                      the Amazon using the High Altitude and Long Range Research
                      Aircraft (HALO), covering altitudes from the boundary layer
                      (BL) height up to 14.4km. The submicron non-refractory
                      aerosol was characterized by flash-vaporization/electron
                      impact-ionization aerosol particle mass spectrometry. The
                      results show that significant secondary organic aerosol
                      (SOA) formation by isoprene oxidation products occurs in the
                      upper troposphere (UT), leading to increased organic aerosol
                      mass concentrations above 10km altitude. The median organic
                      mass concentrations in the UT above 10km range between 1.0
                      and 2.5µgm−3 (referring to standard temperature and
                      pressure; STP) with interquartile ranges of 0.6 to
                      3.2µgm−3 (STP), representing $78\%$ of the total
                      submicron non-refractory aerosol particle mass. The presence
                      of isoprene-epoxydiol-derived secondary organic aerosol
                      (IEPOX-SOA) was confirmed by marker peaks in the mass
                      spectra. We estimate the contribution of IEPOX-SOA to the
                      total organic aerosol in the UT to be about $20\%.$ After
                      isoprene emission from vegetation, oxidation processes occur
                      at low altitudes and/or during transport to higher
                      altitudes, which may lead to the formation of IEPOX (one
                      oxidation product of isoprene). Reactive uptake or
                      condensation of IEPOX on preexisting particles leads to
                      IEPOX-SOA formation and subsequently increasing organic mass
                      in the UT. This organic mass increase was accompanied by an
                      increase in the nitrate mass concentrations, most likely due
                      to NOx production by lightning. Analysis of the ion ratio of
                      NO+ to NO2+ indicated that nitrate in the UT exists mainly
                      in the form of organic nitrate. IEPOX-SOA and organic
                      nitrates are coincident with each other, indicating that
                      IEPOX-SOA forms in the UT either on acidic nitrate particles
                      forming organic nitrates derived from IEPOX or on already
                      neutralized organic nitrate aerosol particles.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000447744000003},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-18-14979-2018},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/856664},
}