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@ARTICLE{Ruhnau:856714,
      author       = {Ruhnau, Oliver and Bannik, Sergej and Otten, Sydney and
                      Praktiknjo, Aaron and Robinius, Martin},
      title        = {{D}irect or indirect electrification? {A} review of heat
                      generation and road transport decarbonisation scenarios for
                      {G}ermany 2050},
      journal      = {Energy},
      volume       = {166},
      issn         = {0360-5442},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-06065},
      pages        = {989-999},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Energy scenarios provide guidance to energy policy, not
                      least by presenting decarbonisation pathways for climate
                      change mitigation. We review such scenarios for the example
                      of Germany 2050, with a focus on the decarbonisation of heat
                      generation and road transport. In this context, we
                      characterize the role of renewable electricity and contrast
                      two rivalling narratives: direct and indirect
                      electrification. On the one hand, electricity directly
                      provides heat and transport, using electric heat pumps,
                      electric heaters, and battery electric vehicles. On the
                      other hand, electricity, heat, and transport are indirectly
                      linked, using gas heat pumps, gas heaters, fuel cell
                      electric vehicles, and internal combustion engine vehicles,
                      in combination with power-to-gas and power-to-liquid
                      processes. To reach climate policy targets, our findings
                      imply that energy stakeholders must (1) plan for the
                      significant additional demand for renewable electricity for
                      heat and road transport, (2) pave the way for
                      system-friendly direct heat electrification, (3) be aware of
                      technological uncertainties in the transport sector, (4)
                      clarify the vision for decarbonisation, particularly for
                      road transport, and (5) use holistic and more comparable
                      scenario frameworks.},
      cin          = {IEK-3 / JARA-ENERGY},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013 / $I:(DE-82)080011_20140620$},
      pnm          = {134 - Electrolysis and Hydrogen (POF3-134)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-134},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000455694300084},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.energy.2018.10.114},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/856714},
}