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@ARTICLE{Wu:856971,
      author       = {Wu, Xue and Griessbach, Sabine and Hoffmann, Lars},
      title        = {{L}ong-range transport of volcanic aerosol from the 2010
                      {M}erapi tropical eruption to {A}ntarctica},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {18},
      number       = {21},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-06261},
      pages        = {15859 - 15877},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Volcanic sulfate aerosol is an important source of sulfur
                      for Antarctica, where other local sources of sulfur are
                      rare. Midlatitude and high-latitude volcanic eruptions can
                      directly influence the aerosol budget of the polar
                      stratosphere. However, tropical eruptions can also enhance
                      polar aerosol load following long-range transport. In the
                      present work, we analyze the volcanic plume of a tropical
                      eruption, Mount Merapi in 2010, and investigate the
                      transport pathway of the volcanic aerosol from the tropical
                      tropopause layer (TTL) to the lower stratosphere over
                      Antarctica. We use the Lagrangian particle dispersion model
                      Massive-Parallel Trajectory Calculations (MPTRAC) and
                      Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) SO2 measurements to
                      reconstruct the altitude-resolved SO2 injection time series
                      during the explosive eruption period and simulate the
                      transport of the volcanic plume using the MPTRAC model. AIRS
                      SO2 and aerosol measurements, the aerosol cloud index values
                      provided by Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric
                      Sounding (MIPAS), are used to verify and complement the
                      simulations. The Lagrangian transport simulation of the
                      volcanic plume is compared with MIPAS aerosol measurements
                      and shows good agreement. Both the simulations and the
                      observations presented in this study suggest that volcanic
                      plumes from the Merapi eruption were transported to the
                      south of 60°S 1 month after the eruption and even further
                      to Antarctica in the following months. This relatively fast
                      meridional transport of volcanic aerosol was mainly driven
                      by quasi-horizontal mixing from the TTL to the extratropical
                      lower stratosphere, and most of the quasi-horizontal mixing
                      occurred between the isentropic surfaces of 360 to 430K.
                      When the plume went to Southern Hemisphere high latitudes,
                      the polar vortex was displaced from the South Pole, so that
                      the volcanic plume was carried to the South Pole without
                      penetrating the polar vortex. Although only $4\%$ of the
                      sulfur injected by the Merapi eruption was transported into
                      the lower stratosphere south of 60°S, the Merapi eruption
                      contributed up to 8800t of sulfur to the Antarctic lower
                      stratosphere. This indicates that the long-range transport
                      under favorable meteorological conditions enables a moderate
                      tropical volcanic eruption to be an important remote source
                      of sulfur for the Antarctic stratosphere.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000449479300001},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-18-15859-2018},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/856971},
}