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@ARTICLE{Andresen:857172,
      author       = {Andresen, Louise C. and Domínguez, Maria T. and Reinsch,
                      Sabine and Smith, Andrew R. and Schmidt, Inger K. and Ambus,
                      Per and Beier, Claus and Boeckx, Pascal and Bol, Roland and
                      de Dato, Giovanbattista and Emmett, Bridget A. and Estiarte,
                      Marc and Garnett, Mark H. and Kröel-Dulay, György and
                      Mason, Sharon L. and Nielsen, Cecilie S. and Peñuelas,
                      Josep and Tietema, Albert},
      title        = {{I}sotopic methods for non-destructive assessment of carbon
                      dynamics in shrublands under long-term climate change
                      manipulation},
      journal      = {Methods in ecology and evolution},
      volume       = {9},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {2041-210X},
      address      = {Oxford ˜[u.a.]œ},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-06409},
      pages        = {866 - 880},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Long‐term climate change experiments are extremely
                      valuable for studying ecosystem responses to environmental
                      change. Examination of the vegetation and the soil should be
                      non‐destructive to guarantee long‐term research. In this
                      paper, we review field methods using isotope techniques for
                      assessing carbon dynamics in the plant–soil–air
                      continuum, based on recent field experience and examples
                      from a European climate change manipulation network. Eight
                      European semi‐natural shrubland ecosystems were exposed to
                      warming and drought manipulations. One field site was
                      additionally exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2. We discuss
                      the isotope methods that were used across the network to
                      evaluate carbon fluxes and ecosystem responses, including:
                      (1) analysis of the naturally rare isotopes of carbon (13C
                      and 14C) and nitrogen (15N); (2) use of in situ pulse
                      labelling with 13CO2, soil injections of 13C‐ and
                      15N‐enriched substrates, or continuous labelling by free
                      air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) and (3) manipulation of
                      isotopic composition of soil substrates (14C) in
                      laboratory‐based studies. The natural 14C signature of
                      soil respiration gave insight into a possible long‐term
                      shift in the partitioning between the decomposition of young
                      and old soil carbon sources. Contrastingly, the stable
                      isotopes 13C and 15N were used for shorter‐term processes,
                      as the residence time in a certain compartment of the stable
                      isotope label signal is limited. The use of labelled
                      carbon‐compounds to study carbon mineralisation by soil
                      micro‐organisms enabled to determine the long‐term
                      effect of climate change on microbial carbon uptake kinetics
                      and turnover. Based on the experience with the experimental
                      work, we provide recommendations for the application of the
                      reviewed methods to study carbon fluxes in the
                      plant–soil–air continuum in climate change experiments.
                      13C‐labelling techniques exert minimal physical
                      disturbances, however, the dilution of the applied isotopic
                      signal can be challenging. In addition, the contamination of
                      the field site with excess 13C or 14C can be a problem for
                      subsequent natural abundance (14C and 13C) or label studies.
                      The use of slight changes in carbon and nitrogen natural
                      abundance does not present problems related to potential
                      dilution or contamination risks, but the usefulness depends
                      on the fractionation rate of the studied processes.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000429421800006},
      doi          = {10.1111/2041-210X.12963},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/857172},
}