% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Bacer:857190,
      author       = {Bacer, Sara and Sullivan, Sylvia C. and Karydis, Vlassis A.
                      and Barahona, Donifan and Krämer, Martina and Nenes,
                      Athanasios and Tost, Holger and Tsimpidi, Alexandra P. and
                      Lelieveld, Jos and Pozzer, Andrea},
      title        = {{I}mplementation of a comprehensive ice crystal formation
                      parameterization for cirrus and mixed-phase clouds in the
                      {EMAC} model (based on {MESS}y 2.53)},
      journal      = {Geoscientific model development},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {1991-9603},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-06427},
      pages        = {4021 - 4041},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {A comprehensive ice nucleation parameterization has been
                      implemented in the global chemistry-climate model EMAC to
                      improve the representation of ice crystal number
                      concentrations (ICNCs). The parameterization of Barahona and
                      Nenes (2009, hereafter BN09) allows for the treatment of ice
                      nucleation taking into account the competition for water
                      vapour between homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation in
                      cirrus clouds. Furthermore, the influence of chemically
                      heterogeneous, polydisperse aerosols is considered by
                      applying one of the multiple ice nucleating particle
                      parameterizations which are included in BN09 to compute the
                      heterogeneously formed ice crystals. BN09 has been modified
                      in order to consider the pre-existing ice crystal effect and
                      implemented to operate both in the cirrus and in the
                      mixed-phase regimes. Compared to the standard EMAC
                      parameterizations, BN09 produces fewer ice crystals in the
                      upper troposphere but higher ICNCs in the middle
                      troposphere, especially in the Northern Hemisphere where ice
                      nucleating mineral dust particles are relatively abundant.
                      Overall, ICNCs agree well with the observations, especially
                      in cold cirrus clouds (at temperatures below 205K), although
                      they are underestimated between 200 and 220K. As BN09 takes
                      into account processes which were previously neglected by
                      the standard version of the model, it is recommended for
                      future EMAC simulations.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000446811700002},
      doi          = {10.5194/gmd-11-4021-2018},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/857190},
}