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@ARTICLE{Tan:857245,
      author       = {Tan, Zhaofeng and Rohrer, Franz and Lu, Keding and Ma,
                      Xuefei and Bohn, Birger and Broch, Sebastian and Dong,
                      Huabin and Fuchs, Hendrik and Gkatzelis, Georgios I. and
                      Hofzumahaus, Andreas and Holland, Frank and Li, Xin and Liu,
                      Ying and Liu, Yuhan and Novelli, Anna and Shao, Min and
                      Wang, Haichao and Wu, Yusheng and Zeng, Limin and Hu, Min
                      and Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid and Wahner, Andreas and Zhang,
                      Yuanhang},
      title        = {{W}intertime photochemistry in {B}eijing: observations of
                      {RO}x radical concentrations in the {N}orth {C}hina {P}lain
                      during the {BEST}-{ONE} campaign},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {18},
      number       = {16},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-06475},
      pages        = {12391 - 12411},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {The first wintertime in situ measurements of hydroxyl (OH),
                      hydroperoxy (HO2) and organic peroxy (RO2) radicals
                      (ROx = OH + HO2 + RO2) in combination with
                      observations of total reactivity of OH radicals, kOH in
                      Beijing are presented. The field campaign "Beijing winter
                      finE particle STudy – Oxidation, Nucleation and light
                      Extinctions" (BEST-ONE) was conducted at the suburban site
                      Huairou near Beijing from January to March 2016. It aimed to
                      understand oxidative capacity during wintertime and to
                      elucidate the secondary pollutants' formation mechanism in
                      the North China Plain (NCP). OH radical concentrations at
                      noontime ranged from 2.4×106 cm−3 in severely polluted
                      air (kOH ∼ 27 s−1) to 3.6×106 cm−3 in
                      relatively clean air (kOH ∼ 5 s−1). These values
                      are nearly 2-fold larger than OH concentrations observed in
                      previous winter campaigns in Birmingham, Tokyo, and New York
                      City. During this campaign, the total primary production
                      rate of ROx radicals was dominated by the photolysis of
                      nitrous acid accounting for $46\%$ of the identified primary
                      production pathways for ROx radicals. Other important
                      radical sources were alkene ozonolysis $(28\%)$ and
                      photolysis of oxygenated organic compounds $(24\%).$ A box
                      model was used to simulate the OH, HO2 and RO2
                      concentrations based on the observations of their long-lived
                      precursors. The model was capable of reproducing the
                      observed diurnal variation of the OH and peroxy radicals
                      during clean days with a factor of 1.5. However, it largely
                      underestimated HO2 and RO2 concentrations by factors up to 5
                      during pollution episodes. The HO2 and RO2
                      observed-to-modeled ratios increased with increasing NO
                      concentrations, indicating a deficit in our understanding of
                      the gas-phase chemistry in the high NOx regime. The OH
                      concentrations observed in the presence of large OH
                      reactivities indicate that atmospheric trace gas oxidation
                      by photochemical processes can be highly effective even
                      during wintertime, thereby facilitating the vigorous
                      formation of secondary pollutants.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {243 - Tropospheric trace substances and their
                      transformation processes (POF3-243)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-243},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000442775100004},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-18-12391-2018},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/857245},
}