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@ARTICLE{Guo:857247,
      author       = {Guo, Hongyu and Otjes, Rene and Schlag, Patrick and
                      Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid and Nenes, Athanasios and Weber,
                      Rodney J.},
      title        = {{E}ffectiveness of ammonia reduction on control of fine
                      particle nitrate},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {18},
      number       = {16},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-06477},
      pages        = {12241 - 12256},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {In some regions, reducing aerosol ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)
                      concentrations may substantially improve air quality. This
                      can be accomplished by reductions in precursor emissions,
                      such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) to lower nitric acid (HNO3)
                      that partitions to the aerosol, or reductions in ammonia
                      (NH3) to lower particle pH and keep HNO3 in the gas phase.
                      Using the ISORROPIA-II thermodynamic aerosol model and
                      detailed observational data sets, we explore the sensitivity
                      of aerosol NH4NO3 to gas-phase NH3 and NOx controls for a
                      number of contrasting locations, including Europe, the
                      United States, and China. NOx control is always effective,
                      whereas the aerosol response to NH3 control is highly
                      nonlinear and only becomes effective at a thermodynamic
                      sweet spot. The analysis provides a conceptual framework and
                      fundamental evaluation on the relative value of NOx versus
                      NH3 control and demonstrates the relevance of pH as an air
                      quality parameter. We find that, regardless of the locations
                      examined, it is only when ambient particle pH drops below an
                      approximate critical value of 3 (slightly higher in warm and
                      slightly lower in cold seasons) that NH3 reduction leads to
                      an effective response in PM2.5 mass. The required amount of
                      NH3 reduction to reach the critical pH and efficiently
                      decrease NH4NO3 at different sites is assessed. Owing to the
                      linkage between NH3 emissions and agricultural productivity,
                      the substantial NH3 reduction required in some locations may
                      not be feasible. Finally, controlling NH3 emissions to
                      increase aerosol acidity and evaporate NH4NO3 will have
                      other effects, beyond reduction of PM2.5 NH4NO3, such as
                      increasing aerosol toxicity and potentially altering the
                      deposition patterns of nitrogen and trace nutrients.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {243 - Tropospheric trace substances and their
                      transformation processes (POF3-243)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-243},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000442577800001},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-18-12241-2018},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/857247},
}