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@ARTICLE{Dagger:857791,
      author       = {Dagger, Tim and Rad, Babak R. and Schappacher, Falko M. and
                      Winter, Martin},
      title        = {{C}omparative {P}erformance {E}valuation of {F}lame
                      {R}etardant {A}dditives for {L}ithium {I}on {B}atteries -
                      {I}. {S}afety, {C}hemical and {E}lectrochemical
                      {S}tabilities},
      journal      = {Journal of applied pharmacy},
      volume       = {6},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {2194-4288},
      address      = {[S.l.]},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-06758},
      pages        = {2011 - 2022},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Within this 1st part of a comparative study, flame
                      retardant electrolyte additives (FRs), as candidates for
                      lithium ion battery electrolytes, from four different
                      phosphorous‐containing molecule classes, are investigated.
                      The five FRs (tris(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)phosphate (TFP),
                      tris(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)phosphite (TTFPi), bis(2,2,2
                      trifluoroethyl)methylphosphonate (TFMP),
                      (ethoxy)pentafluorocyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) and
                      (phenoxy)pentafluoro‐cyclotriphosphazene (FPPN)) are
                      investigated in a comparative manner to conclude
                      structure‐property relationships according to their
                      self‐extinguishing time (SET), onset temperature of the
                      thermal runaway, chemical and electrochemical stability. SET
                      experiments using standard electrolyte (1 M LiPF6 in
                      ethylene carbonate : dimethyl carbonate
                      $1 : 1 wt\%)$ confirm high reproducibility of the used
                      SET device. The results reveal a strong dependency of the
                      ignition time on the SET. Therefore it is suggested, to
                      investigate the SET for various ignition times. All FR
                      additives remain chemically stable for weeks after added to
                      the standard electrolyte during storage (approved by nuclear
                      magnetic resonance). Cyclophosphazenes show superior results
                      concerning their first time of inflammation and thermal
                      electrolyte stability (approved by adiabatic reaction
                      calorimetry). All additives show partial electrolyte
                      decomposition only during the first charge in voltammetric
                      experiments.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000449676400020},
      doi          = {10.1002/ente.201800132},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/857791},
}