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@ARTICLE{Holtstiege:857798,
      author       = {Holtstiege, Florian and Koç, Tuncay and Hundehege, Tobias
                      and Siozios, Vassilios and Winter, Martin and Placke,
                      Tobias},
      title        = {{T}oward {H}igh {P}ower {B}atteries: {P}re-lithiated
                      {C}arbon {N}anospheres as {H}igh {R}ate {A}node {M}aterial
                      for {L}ithium {I}on {B}atteries},
      journal      = {ACS applied energy materials},
      volume       = {1},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {2574-0962},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {ACS Publications},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-06765},
      pages        = {4321 - 4331},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {In this work, carbon nanospheres (CS) are prepared by
                      hydrothermal synthesis using glucose as precursor, followed
                      by a subsequent carbonization step. By variation of the
                      synthesis parameters, CS particles with different particle
                      sizes are obtained. With particular focus on the fast
                      charging capability, the electrochemical performance of CS
                      as anode material in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is
                      investigated, including the influence of particle size and
                      carbonization temperature. It is shown that CS possess an
                      extraordinary good long-term cycling stability and a very
                      good rate capability (up to 20C charge/discharge rate) at
                      operating temperatures of 20 and 0 °C compared to graphitic
                      carbon and Li4Ti5O12 (LTO)-based anodes. One major
                      disadvantage of CS is the very low first cycle Coulombic
                      efficiency (Ceff) and the related high active lithium loss,
                      which prevents usage of CS within LIB full cells.
                      Nevertheless, in order to overcome this problem, we
                      performed electrochemical pre-lithiation, which
                      significantly improves the first cycle Ceff and enables
                      usage of CS within LIB full cells (vs NMC-111), which is
                      shown here for the first time. The improved rate capability
                      of CS is also verified in electrochemically pre-lithiated
                      NMC-based LIB full cells, in comparison to graphite and LTO
                      anodes. Further, CS also display an improved specific energy
                      (at ≥5C), energy efficiency (at ≥2C), and energy
                      retention (at ≥2C) compared to graphite and LTO-based LIB
                      full cells.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000458706400092},
      doi          = {10.1021/acsaem.8b00945},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/857798},
}