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@ARTICLE{Rana:857817,
      author       = {Rana, Jatinkumar and Kloepsch, Richard and Li, Jie and
                      Stan, Marian and Schumacher, Gerhard and Winter, Martin and
                      Banhart, John},
      title        = {{S}tructural {C}hanges in a {L}i-{R}ich 0.5{L}i 2 {M}n{O} 3
                      * 0.5{L}i{M}n 0.4 {N}i 0.4 {C}o 0.2 {O} 2 {C}athode
                      {M}aterial for {L}i-{I}on {B}atteries: {A} {L}ocal
                      {P}erspective},
      journal      = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},
      volume       = {163},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {0013-4651},
      address      = {Pennington, NJ},
      publisher    = {Electrochemical Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-06784},
      pages        = {A811 - A820},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Local structural changes in a Li-rich
                      0.5Li2MnO3*0.5LiMn0.4Ni0.4Co0.2O2 cathode material are
                      investigated using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The
                      element-selective nature of XAS revealed the composite
                      structure of the material, where both Li2MnO3 and
                      LiMn0.4Ni0.4Co0.2O2 components exist as separate domains and
                      also exhibit a distinct electrochemical response. An
                      irreversible oxygen release from Li2MnO3 domains contributes
                      to a large irreversible capacity delivered by the material
                      during activation and gives rise to the formation of a
                      layered MnO2-type structure. Lithium reinsertion into this
                      layered MnO2-type structure during discharge reforms the
                      original Li2MnO3-type structure, which is lithium and oxygen
                      deficient. The average valence state of Mn in Li2MnO3
                      domains remains unchanged at 4+ during charge and discharge,
                      suggesting an unusual participation of oxygen anions of
                      Li2MnO3 domains in redox processes. On the contrary,
                      electrochemical processes in LiMn0.4Ni0.4Co0.2O2 domains
                      involve conventional redox processes of transition-metal
                      (TM) ions. In addition to Ni2+/Ni4+ and Co3+/Co4+ redox
                      reactions, a small amount of Mn3+ detected in
                      LiMn0.4Ni0.4Co0.2O2 domains also participates in
                      electrochemical processes via a Mn3+/Mn4+ redox reaction.
                      All structural modifications introduced into the material
                      during activation are recovered upon discharge to 2.5 V,
                      except those caused by the permanent removal of oxygen from
                      Li2MnO3 domains.},
      cin          = {IEK-12},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000373985300082},
      doi          = {10.1149/2.0211606jes},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/857817},
}