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@ARTICLE{Matthias:857909,
      author       = {Matthias, Vivien and Ern, Manfred},
      title        = {{O}n the origin of the mesospheric quasi-stationary
                      planetary waves in the unusual {A}rctic winter 2015/2016},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {18},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-06863},
      pages        = {4803 - 4815},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {The midwinter 2015/2016 was characterized by an unusually
                      strong polar night jet (PNJ) and extraordinarily large
                      stationary planetary wave (SPW) amplitudes in the
                      subtropical mesosphere. The aim of this study is, therefore,
                      to find the origin of these mesospheric SPWs in the
                      midwinter 2015/2016 study period. The study duration is
                      split into two periods: the first period runs from late
                      December 2015 until early January 2016 (Period I), and the
                      second period from early January until mid-January 2016
                      (Period II). While the SPW 1 dominates in the subtropical
                      mesosphere in Period I, it is the SPW 2 that dominates in
                      Period II. There are three possibilities explaining how SPWs
                      can occur in the mesosphere: (1) they propagate upward from
                      the stratosphere, (2) they are generated in situ by
                      longitudinally variable gravity wave (GW) drag, or (3) they
                      are generated in situ by barotropic and/or baroclinic
                      instabilities. Using global satellite observations from the
                      Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Sounding of the
                      Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) the
                      origin of the mesospheric SPWs is investigated for both time
                      periods. We find that due to the strong PNJ the SPWs were
                      not able to propagate upward into the mesosphere northward
                      of 50°N but were deflected upward and equatorward into the
                      subtropical mesosphere. We show that the SPWs observed in
                      the subtropical mesosphere are the same SPWs as in the
                      mid-latitudinal stratosphere. Simultaneously, we find
                      evidence that the mesospheric SPWs in polar latitudes were
                      generated in situ by longitudinally variable GW drag and
                      that there is a mixture of in situ generation by
                      longitudinally variable GW drag and by instabilities at
                      mid-latitudes. Our results, based on observations, show that
                      the abovementioned three mechanisms can act at the same time
                      which confirms earlier model studies. Additionally, the
                      possible contribution from, or impact of, unusually strong
                      SPWs in the subtropical mesosphere to the disruption of the
                      quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the same winter is
                      discussed.},
      cin          = {IEK-7},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-7-20101013},
      pnm          = {244 - Composition and dynamics of the upper troposphere and
                      middle atmosphere (POF3-244)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-244},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000429473600005},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-18-4803-2018},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/857909},
}