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@ARTICLE{Guhl:857918,
      author       = {Guhl, Conrad and Kehne, Philipp and Ma, Qianli and Tietz,
                      Frank and Alff, Lambert and Komissinskiy, Philipp and
                      Jaegermann, Wolfram and Hausbrand, René},
      title        = {{I}n-operando photoelectron spectroscopy for batteries:
                      {S}et-up using pristine thin film cathode and first results
                      on {N}a x {C}o{O} 2},
      journal      = {Review of scientific instruments},
      volume       = {89},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {1089-7623},
      address      = {[S.l.]},
      publisher    = {American Institute of Physics},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-06872},
      pages        = {073104},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {A model all-solid-state battery cell with a thin film
                      NaxCoO2 cathode was assembled under ultra-high vacuum
                      conditions and cycled inside the vacuum chamber, using a
                      dedicated sample holder. We present in-operando x-ray
                      photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of a NaxCoO2 cathode
                      at different charging states. During battery operation, the
                      change in sodium content, the change in cobalt oxidation
                      state, and the evolution of the O1s and VB emissions could
                      be monitored. Comparison with a conventional post-mortem
                      analysis technique showed that the new measurement technique
                      produces comparable results regarding the oxidation state of
                      the transition metal, but sodium and oxygen results show
                      differences due to cathode/electrolyte interfacial reactions
                      for conventional analysis. By using surface layer-free
                      samples in the presented techniques, we could circumvent
                      such reactions and obtain reliable spectra for the pure
                      bulk-like active cathode material.},
      cin          = {IEK-1},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30068114},
      UT           = {WOS:000440590200004},
      doi          = {10.1063/1.5022616},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/857918},
}