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@ARTICLE{Jeong:857998,
      author       = {Jeong, Hyeondeok and Geis, Michael and Lenser, Christian
                      and Lobe, Sandra and Herrmann, Stephan and Fendt, Sebastian
                      and Menzler, Norbert H. and Guillon, Olivier},
      title        = {{C}oupling {SOFC}s to biomass gasification – {T}he
                      influence of phenol on cell degradation in simulated
                      bio-syngas. {P}art {II} – {P}ost-test analysis},
      journal      = {International journal of hydrogen energy},
      volume       = {43},
      number       = {45},
      issn         = {0360-3199},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-06945},
      pages        = {20911 - 20920},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with a
                      state-of-the-art Ni/YSZ anode have been tested in simulated
                      bio-syngas with controlled addition of phenol as a model
                      molecule to study the influence of tars on the degradation
                      of SOFCs operated with gasified biomass. The post-test
                      analysis results of SOFCs are described after operation with
                      different concentrations of phenol. The tests with pure
                      syngas and up to 2 g/Nm3 of phenol show a relatively stable
                      performance in a short-term period of 500 h, but the test
                      with 8 g/Nm3 phenol shows drastic degradation. The
                      microstructural changes of anode and support layers, phase
                      changes, and carbon deposition were analyzed and discussed
                      based on performance degradation and post-test analysis. No
                      structural changes were found after tests with pure syngas.
                      On the other hand, the addition of phenol causes macro- and
                      micro-scale structural changes in the support, spreading
                      from the fuel inlet. The support shows an erosion pattern
                      and both Ni and YSZ were found as dust after the test. In
                      these eroded areas, carbon fibers were observed by SEM and
                      it was more pronounced with higher phenol content. There was
                      no material phase transformation related to syngas or
                      phenol, but surface carbon deposition was confirmed by Raman
                      spectroscopy in the support and anode layers.},
      cin          = {IEK-1},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135) / SOFC - Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
                      (SOFC-20140602)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135 / G:(DE-Juel1)SOFC-20140602},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000450539500058},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.09.006},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/857998},
}