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@ARTICLE{Fischer:858089,
      author       = {Fischer, Horst and Axinte, Raoul and Bozem, Heiko and
                      Crowley, John N. and Ernest, Cheryl and Gilge, Stefan and
                      Hafermann, Sascha and Harder, Hartwig and Hens, Korbinian
                      and Königstedt, Rainer and Kubistin, Dagmar and Mallik,
                      Chinmay and Martinez, Monica and Novelli, Anna and
                      Parchatka, Uwe and Plass-Dülmer, Christian and Pozzer,
                      Andrea and Regelin, Eric and Reiffs, Andreas and Schmidt,
                      Torsten and Schuladen, Jan and Lelieveld, Jos},
      title        = {{D}iurnal variability, photochemical production and loss
                      processes of hydrogen peroxide in the boundary layer over
                      {E}urope},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics / Discussions Discussions
                      [...]},
      volume       = {1179},
      issn         = {1680-7375},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-07007},
      pages        = {1 - 29},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a significant role in the
                      oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere. It is an efficient
                      oxidant in the liquid phase, and serves as a temporary
                      reservoir for the hydroxyl radical (OH), the most important
                      oxidizing agent in the gas phase. Due to its high
                      solubility, removal of H2O2 due to wet and dry deposition is
                      efficient, being a sink of HOx (OH+HO2) radicals. In the
                      continental boundary layer, the H2O2 budget is controlled by
                      photochemistry, transport and deposition processes. Here we
                      use in-situ observations of H2O2, and account for chemical
                      source and removal mechanisms to study the interplay between
                      these processes. The data were obtained during five
                      ground-based field campaigns across Europe from 2008 to
                      2014, and bring together observations in a boreal forest,
                      two mountainous sites in Germany, and coastal sites in Spain
                      and Cyprus. Most campaigns took place in the summer, while
                      the measurements in the south-west of Spain took place in
                      early winter. Diel variations in H2O2 are strongly
                      site-dependent and indicate a significant altitude
                      dependence. While boundary layer mixing ratios of H2O2 at
                      low-level sites show classical diel cycles with lowest
                      values in the early morning and maxima around local noon,
                      diel profiles are reversed on mountainous sites due to
                      transport from the nocturnal residual layer and the free
                      troposphere. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide is
                      largely governed by its main precursor, the hydroperoxy
                      radical (HO2), and shows significant anti-correlation with
                      nitrogen oxides (NOx) that remove HO2. A budget calculation
                      indicates that in all campaigns, the noontime photochemical
                      production rate through the self-reaction of HO2 radicals
                      was much larger than photochemical loss due to reaction with
                      OH and photolysis, and that dry deposition is the dominant
                      loss mechanism. Estimated dry deposition velocities varied
                      between approx. 1 and 6cm/s, with relatively high values
                      observed during the day in forested regions, indicating
                      enhanced uptake of H2O2 by vegetation. In order to reproduce
                      the change in H2O2 mixing ratios between sunrise and midday,
                      a variable contribution from transport $(10–100\%)$ is
                      required to balance net photochemical production and
                      deposition loss. Transport is most likely related to
                      entrainment from the residual layer above the nocturnal
                      boundary layer during the growth of the boundary layer in
                      the morning.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {243 - Tropospheric trace substances and their
                      transformation processes (POF3-243)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-243},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-2018-1179},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/858089},
}