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@ARTICLE{Wauters:858314,
      author       = {Wauters, Tom and Goriaev, Andrei and Alonso, Arturo and
                      Baldzuhn, Juergen and Brakel, Rudolf and Brezinsek,
                      Sebastijan and Dinklage, Andreas and Grote, Heinz and
                      Fellinger, Joris and Ford, Oliver P. and König, Ralf and
                      Laqua, Heinrich and Matveev, Dmitry and Stange, Torsten and
                      Vanó, Lilla},
      title        = {{W}all conditioning throughout the first carbon divertor
                      campaign on {W}endelstein 7-{X}},
      journal      = {Nuclear materials and energy},
      volume       = {17},
      issn         = {2352-1791},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-07202},
      pages        = {235 - 241},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Controlling the recycling of hydrogen and the release of
                      impurities from the plasma facing components proved to be
                      essential and challenging throughout the first divertor
                      campaign on W7-X. This paper discusses the conditioning
                      requirements throughout the first divertor campaign on
                      Wendelstein 7-X. Baking at 150°C and glow discharge
                      conditioning (GDC) in H2 is performed after the initial pump
                      down of the vacuum vessel. Experimental programs in hydrogen
                      are interlaced with He discharges to desaturate the wall
                      from hydrogen, recover good recycling conditions and hence
                      establish plasma density control. Optimized He ECRH wall
                      conditioning procedures consisted of sequences of short
                      discharges with fixed duty cycle. He-GDC remained however
                      needed before each experimental day to fully offset the
                      hydrogen inventory build-up. A significant increase in the
                      divertor temperature is observed throughout an operational
                      day, enhancing outgassing of CO and H2O. Preliminary
                      recombination-diffusion modelling of hydrogen outgassing
                      suggests enhanced diffusion to deeper surface layers with
                      increasing wall temperature, which results in better wall
                      pumping. This indicates that the experienced plasma
                      performance degradation throughout an operational day
                      results from increased impurity outgassing at higher wall
                      temperature rather than hydrogen saturation of the wall.},
      cin          = {IEK-4 / IEK-6},
      ddc          = {624},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-6-20101013},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000454165000033},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.nme.2018.11.004},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/858314},
}