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@ARTICLE{Shviro:858533,
      author       = {Shviro, Meital and Gocyla, Martin and Schierholz, Roland
                      and Tempel, Hermann and Kungl, Hans and Eichel, Rüdiger-A.
                      and Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal},
      title        = {{T}ransformation of carbon-supported {P}t–{N}i octahedral
                      electrocatalysts into cubes: toward stable electrocatalysis},
      journal      = {Nanoscale},
      volume       = {10},
      number       = {45},
      issn         = {2040-3372},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {RSC Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2018-07404},
      pages        = {21353 - 21362},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Octahedral Pt–Ni catalyst nanoparticles (NPs) are
                      predicted to exhibit high activity for the oxygen reduction
                      reaction. However, until now this class of catalysts has
                      been limited by its long-term performance, as a result of
                      compositional and morphological instabilities of the NPs. In
                      situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful
                      technique for understanding morphological and compositional
                      evolution under controlled conditions. It is of great
                      importance to study the evolution of the morphology and
                      elemental distribution in bimetallic NPs and their
                      interaction with the support in reducing and oxidizing
                      treatments at the atomic scale for the rational design of
                      catalysts. Here, we use in situ TEM to follow dynamic
                      changes in the NP morphology, faceting and elemental
                      segregation under working conditions in previously
                      unreported Pt–Ni core–shell octahedral structures. We
                      follow changes in the Pt–Ni catalyst from a segregated
                      structure to an alloyed shell configuration and then a more
                      spherical structure as a function of temperature under
                      reducing conditions. Exposure to an oxidizing environment
                      then leads to oxidation of the C support, while the
                      spherical NPs undergo a cycle of transformations into cubic
                      NPs followed by the reaction to spherical NPs. The formation
                      of the cubic NPs results from CO formation during C
                      oxidation, before it is finally oxidized to CO2. Our
                      observations may pave the way towards the design of
                      optimized structure–stability electrocatalysts and
                      highlight the importance of TEM visualization of degradation
                      and transformation pathways in bimetallic Pt–Ni NPs under
                      reducing and oxidizing conditions.},
      cin          = {IEK-9 / ER-C-1},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218 / I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-1-20170209},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30426121},
      UT           = {WOS:000451738900044},
      doi          = {10.1039/C8NR06008H},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/858533},
}