% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Patel:859850,
      author       = {Patel, Harshal Jayeshkumar and Romanzetti, Sandro and
                      Pellicano, Antonello and Nitsche, Michael A. and Reetz,
                      Kathrin and Binkofski, Ferdinand},
      title        = {{P}roton {M}agnetic {R}esonance {S}pectroscopy of the motor
                      cortex reveals long term {GABA} change following anodal
                      {T}ranscranial {D}irect {C}urrent {S}timulation},
      journal      = {Scientific reports},
      volume       = {9},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2045-2322},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-00672},
      pages        = {2807},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over
                      the primary motor cortex (M1) has been reported to increase
                      the firing rates of neurons and to modulate the
                      gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentration. To date,
                      knowledge about the nature and duration of these tDCS
                      induced effects is incomplete. We aimed to investigate
                      long-term effects of anodal tDCS over M1 on GABA dynamics in
                      humans. Repeated magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was
                      employed to measure relative GABA concentration in M1 for
                      approximately 64 minutes after stimulation. The study was
                      performed on 32 healthy subjects. Either anodal or sham tDCS
                      were applied for 10 minutes with the active electrode over
                      the left M1 and the reference electrode over the right
                      supra-orbital region. Pre and post-tDCS MRS scans were
                      performed to acquire GABA-edited spectra using 3 T Prisma
                      Siemens scanner. GABA signals showed no change over time in
                      the sham tDCS group, whereas anodal tDCS resulted in a
                      significant early decrease within 25 minutes after tDCS
                      and then significant late decrease after 66 minutes which
                      continued until the last test measurements. The late changes
                      in GABA concentration might be related to long-term
                      plasticity mechanism. These results contribute to a better
                      understanding of the neurochemical mechanism underlying
                      long-term cortical plasticity following anodal tDCS.},
      cin          = {INM-4 / JARA-BRAIN},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-4-20090406 / $I:(DE-82)080010_20140620$},
      pnm          = {573 - Neuroimaging (POF3-573)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-573},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30808895},
      UT           = {WOS:000459698900068},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41598-019-39262-7},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/859850},
}