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@ARTICLE{McMillan:860189,
      author       = {McMillan, Rebecca and Forsyth, Anna and Campbell, Doug and
                      Malpas, Gemma and Maxwell, Elizabeth and Dukart, Jürgen and
                      Hipp, Joerg and Muthukumaraswamy, Suresh},
      title        = {{T}emporal dynamics of the pharmacological {MRI} response
                      to subanaesthetic ketamine in healthy volunteers: {A}
                      simultaneous {EEG}/f{MRI} study},
      journal      = {Journal of psychopharmacology},
      volume       = {33},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1461-7285},
      address      = {London [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Sage},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-00973},
      pages        = {219-229},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Background:Pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging has
                      been used to investigate the neural effects of
                      subanaesthetic ketamine in healthy volunteers. However, the
                      effect of ketamine has been modelled with a single time
                      course and without consideration of physiological
                      noise.Aims:This study aimed to investigate ketamine-induced
                      alterations in resting neural activity using conventional
                      pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging analysis
                      techniques with physiological noise correction, and a novel
                      analysis utilising simultaneously recorded
                      electroencephalography data.Methods:Simultaneous
                      electroencephalography/functional magnetic resonance imaging
                      and physiological data were collected from 30 healthy male
                      participants before and during a subanaesthetic intravenous
                      ketamine infusion.Results:Consistent with previous
                      literature, we show widespread cortical blood-oxygen-level
                      dependent signal increases and decreased blood-oxygen-level
                      dependent signals in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex
                      following ketamine. However, the latter effect was
                      attenuated by the inclusion of motion regressors and
                      physiological correction in the model. In a novel analysis,
                      we modelled the pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging
                      response with the power time series of seven
                      electroencephalography frequency bands. This showed evidence
                      for distinct temporal time courses of neural responses to
                      ketamine. No electroencephalography power time series
                      correlated with decreased blood-oxygen-level dependent
                      signal in the subgenual anterior cingulate
                      cortex.Conclusions:We suggest the decrease in
                      blood-oxygen-level dependent signals in the subgenual
                      anterior cingulate cortex typically seen in the literature
                      is the result of physiological noise, in particular cardiac
                      pulsatility. Furthermore, modelling the pharmacological
                      magnetic resonance imaging response with a single temporal
                      model does not completely capture the full spectrum of
                      neuronal dynamics. The use of electroencephalography
                      regressors to model the response can increase confidence
                      that the pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging is
                      directly related to underlying neural activity.},
      cin          = {INM-7},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406},
      pnm          = {571 - Connectivity and Activity (POF3-571)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-571},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30663520},
      UT           = {WOS:000458980800007},
      doi          = {10.1177/0269881118822263},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/860189},
}