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@ARTICLE{Heckmann:860244,
      author       = {Heckmann, A. and Meister, P. and Kuo, Liang-Yin and Winter,
                      Martin and Kaghazchi, Payam and Placke, Tobias},
      title        = {{A} route towards understanding the kinetic processes of
                      bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anion intercalation into
                      graphite for dual-ion batteries},
      journal      = {Electrochimica acta},
      volume       = {284},
      issn         = {0013-4686},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-01028},
      pages        = {669},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Even though lithium ion batteries are the state-of-the-art
                      battery technology for numerous applications, there is
                      extensive research on alternative battery technologies.
                      Dual-ion batteries (DIBs) and in particular their all
                      carbon/graphite versions, the dual-carbon (DCBs) and
                      dual-graphite batteries (DGBs), have emerged as an upcoming
                      and alternative approach for stationary energy storage
                      systems. However, there are still fundamental
                      electrochemical processes during charge and discharge
                      operation of DIBs not fully understood so far. In this work,
                      the kinetic processes during bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)
                      imide (TFSI) anion intercalation into graphitic carbon, that
                      proceeds by stage formation, are discussed in detail. The
                      computational calculation of structural parameters of
                      TFSI-graphite intercalation compounds (TFSI-GICs) indicates
                      a possible maximum specific capacity of 140 mAh g⁻¹ and a
                      walking-like diffusion of the TFSI anion within the graphite
                      lattice. Moreover, a particular focus is set on
                      understanding the overpotential generation during the charge
                      process and its correlation to different specific capacities
                      for varying graphite particle sizes and operating
                      temperatures. In this context, a mechanism, supported by
                      electrochemical and computational experiments, is proposed
                      explaining the overpotential evolution on the basis of
                      (apparent) anion diffusion coefficients in graphite.
                      Temporarily higher (apparent) diffusion activation energies
                      close to filled stages seem to be responsible for
                      temporarily lower (apparent) diffusion coefficients and,
                      thus, for the evolution of additional overpotentials during
                      intercalation.},
      cin          = {IEK-1 / IEK-12},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000442485100073},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.181},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/860244},
}