% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@PHDTHESIS{Naqash:860246,
      author       = {Naqash, Sahir},
      title        = {{S}odium {I}on {C}onducting {C}eramics for {S}odium {I}on
                      {B}atteries},
      volume       = {451},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-01030},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-382-2},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe Energie $\&$
                      Umwelt / Energy $\&$ Environment},
      pages        = {vii, 134 S.},
      year         = {2019},
      note         = {RWTH Aachen, Diss., 2018},
      abstract     = {The overwhelming demand of energy storage technologies has
                      forced the scientific community to look beyond the
                      commercially available options such as lithium ion
                      batteries. As one of a potential alternative, sodium ion
                      battery technology works in a similar way but provides the
                      advantage of abundant and readily available raw materials at
                      low cost. In addition, the lithium ion batteries, so far,
                      are commercially available only with a liquid electrolyte.
                      The electrolyte material in liquid state poses serious
                      safety concerns, in case there is a leakage causing a short
                      circuit and thermal runaway. Therefore an all-solid-state
                      approach is one way to improve the safety issues of
                      state-of-the-art batteries. This work is performed to
                      develop sodium ion-conducting ceramics that can be used in
                      all solid-state sodium ion batteries. Among several
                      available options, the NASICON-type materials were selected
                      because these types of materials are known to produce highly
                      conductive ceramics and their conductivity in the best case
                      has reached 4 mS cm$^{-1}$. Therefore, this work focuses on
                      the materials and processing aspects of these sodium
                      ion-conducting materials. It can be is divided into two
                      sections: 1) synthesis \& processing and 2) materials design
                      and composition. In the first part, main focus is on
                      synthesis and processing of original NASICON material
                      Na$_{3}$Zr$_{2}$Si$_{2}$PO$_{12}$. First, a
                      solution-assisted solid state reaction synthesis route for
                      producing Na$_{3}$Zr$_{2}$Si$_{2}$PO$_{12}$ is reported and
                      compared with the so-called Pechini synthesis method.
                      Secondly, Na$_{3}$Zr$_{2}$Si$_{2}$PO$_{12}$ is processed
                      applying different sintering conditions to control its
                      microstructure to better understand the
                      microstructure-conductivity relationship of the material. In
                      the second part, the focus is on the materials design and
                      composition by modifying the NASICON chemistry. This is
                      achieved by substituting suitable cations into the NASICON
                      structure. Furthermore, an attempt was made to reduce the
                      processing temperature of NASICON materials by defining a
                      series of compositions, so-called glass-NASICON composites,
                      towards the low melting composition in the quaternary phase
                      diagram of Na$_{2}$O–SiO$_{2}$–ZrO$_{2}$ and
                      P$_{2}$O$_{5}$. The objective is to utilize the conduction
                      properties of NASICON and low melting point of
                      sodium-containing glasses to produce a material with
                      sufficient Na$^{+}$ ion conductivity and reduced processing
                      temperature (< 1000 °C). This would then be used as
                      electrolyte material for fabricating an all-solid state
                      Na$^{+}$ battery.},
      cin          = {IEK-1},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF3-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/860246},
}