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@ARTICLE{Tiwari:860456,
      author       = {Tiwari, A. and Dorogin, L. and Tahir, M. and Stöckelhuber,
                      K. W. and Heinrich, G. and Espallargas, N. and Persson, Bo},
      title        = {{R}ubber contact mechanics: adhesion, friction and leakage
                      of seals},
      journal      = {Soft matter},
      volume       = {13},
      number       = {48},
      issn         = {1744-6848},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Royal Soc. of Chemistry},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-01210},
      pages        = {9103 - 9121},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {We study the adhesion, friction and leak rate of seals for
                      four different elastomers: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber
                      (NBR), Ethylene Propylene Diene (EPDM), Polyepichlorohydrin
                      (GECO) and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Adhesion between
                      smooth clean glass balls and all the elastomers is studied
                      both in the dry state and in water. In water, adhesion is
                      observed for the NBR and PDMS elastomers, but not for the
                      EPDM and GECO elastomers, which we attribute to the
                      differences in surface energy and dewetting. The leakage of
                      water is studied with rubber square-ring seals squeezed
                      against sandblasted glass surfaces. Here we observe a
                      strongly non-linear dependence of the leak rate on the water
                      pressure ΔP for the elastomers exhibiting adhesion in
                      water, while the leak rate depends nearly linearly on ΔP
                      for the other elastomers. We attribute the non-linearity to
                      some adhesion-related phenomena, such as dewetting or the
                      (time-dependent) formation of gas bubbles, which blocks
                      fluid flow channels. Finally, rubber friction is studied at
                      low sliding speeds using smooth glass and sandblasted glass
                      as substrates, both in the dry state and in water. The
                      measured friction coefficients are compared to theory, and
                      the origin of the frictional shear stress acting in the area
                      of real contact is discussed. The NBR rubber, which exhibits
                      the strongest adhesion both in the dry state and in water,
                      also shows the highest friction both in the dry state and in
                      water.},
      cin          = {IAS-1 / PGI-1 / JARA-FIT / JARA-HPC},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-1-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-1-20110106 /
                      $I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$ / $I:(DE-82)080012_20140620$},
      pnm          = {141 - Controlling Electron Charge-Based Phenomena
                      (POF3-141)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-141},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:29177290},
      UT           = {WOS:000417960600004},
      doi          = {10.1039/C7SM02038D},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/860456},
}