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@ARTICLE{Wilke:860613,
      author       = {Wilke, Norman and Siegmann, Bastian and Klingbeil, Lasse
                      and Burkart, Andreas and Kraska, Thorsten and Muller, Onno
                      and van Doorn, Anna and Heinemann, Sascha and Rascher, Uwe},
      title        = {{Q}uantifying {L}odging {P}ercentage and {L}odging
                      {S}everity {U}sing a {UAV}-{B}ased {C}anopy {H}eight {M}odel
                      {C}ombined with an {O}bjective {T}hreshold {A}pproach},
      journal      = {Remote sensing},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {2072-4292},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-01289},
      pages        = {515 -},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) open new opportunities in
                      precision agriculture and phenotyping because of their
                      flexibility and low cost. In this study, the potential of
                      UAV imagery was evaluated to quantify lodging percentage and
                      lodging severity of barley using structure from motion (SfM)
                      techniques. Traditionally, lodging quantification is based
                      on time-consuming manual field observations. Our UAV-based
                      approach makes use of a quantitative threshold to determine
                      lodging percentage in a first step. The derived lodging
                      estimates showed a very high correlation to reference data
                      (R2 = 0.96, root mean square error (RMSE) = $7.66\%)$ when
                      applied to breeding trials, which could also be confirmed
                      under realistic farming conditions. As a second step, an
                      approach was developed that allows the assessment of lodging
                      severity, information that is important to estimate yield
                      impairment, which also takes the intensity of lodging events
                      into account. Both parameters were tested on three ground
                      sample distances. The lowest spatial resolution acquired
                      from the highest flight altitude (100 m) still led to high
                      accuracy, which increases the practicability of the method
                      for large areas. Our new lodging assessment procedure can be
                      used for insurance applications, precision farming, and
                      selecting for genetic lines with greater lodging resistance
                      in breeding research.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {582 - Plant Science (POF3-582) / DPPN - Deutsches Pflanzen
                      Phänotypisierungsnetzwerk (BMBF-031A053A)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-582 / G:(DE-Juel1)BMBF-031A053A},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000462544500043},
      doi          = {10.3390/rs11050515},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/860613},
}