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@PHDTHESIS{Ksters:860655,
      author       = {Küsters, Anne},
      title        = {{R}eal-{T}ime {S}imulation and {P}rognosis of {S}moke
                      {P}ropagation in {C}ompartments {U}sing a {GPU}},
      volume       = {39},
      school       = {Bergische Universität Wuppertal},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-01323},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-379-2},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich Reihe. IAS Series},
      pages        = {XVII, 162, LIX S.},
      year         = {2018},
      note         = {Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Diss., 2018},
      abstract     = {The evaluation of life safety in buildings in case of fire
                      is often based on smoke spread calculations. However, recent
                      simulation models – in general, based on computational
                      fluid dynamics – often require long execution times or
                      high-performance computers to achieve simulation results in
                      or faster than real-time. Therefore, the objective of this
                      study is the development of a concept for the real-time and
                      prognosis simulation of smoke propagation in compartments
                      using a graphics processing unit (GPU). The developed
                      conceptis summarized in an expandable open source software
                      basis, called JuROr ($\textit{Jülich’s Real-time
                      simulation within ORPHEUS}$). JuROr simulates
                      buoyancy-driven, turbulent smoke spread based on a reduced
                      modeling approach using finite differences and a Large Eddy
                      Simulation turbulence model to solve the incompressible
                      Navier-Stokes and energy equations. This reduced model is
                      fully adapted to match the target hardware of highly
                      parallel computer architectures. Thereby, the code is
                      written in the object-oriented programming language C$^{++}$
                      and the pragma-based programming model OpenACC. This model
                      ensures to maintain a single source code, which can be
                      executed in serial and parallel on various architectures.
                      Further, the study provides a proof of JuROr’s concept to
                      balance sufficient accuracy and practicality. First, the
                      code was successfully verified using unit and (semi-)
                      analytical tests. Then, the underlying model was validated
                      by comparing the numerical results to the experimental
                      results of scenarios relevant for fire protection. Thereby,
                      verification and validation showed acceptable accuracy for
                      JuROr’s application. Lastly, the performance criteria of
                      JuROr – being real-time and prognosis capable with
                      comparable performance across various architectures – was
                      successfully evaluated. Here, JuROr also showed high speedup
                      results on a GPU and faster time-to-solution compared to the
                      established Fire Dynamics Simulator. These results show
                      JuROr’s practicality.},
      cin          = {IAS-7 / JSC},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-7-20180321 / I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511) / ORPHEUS - Optimierung der Rauchableitung und
                      Personenführung in U-Bahnhöfen: Experimente und
                      Simulationen (BMBF-13N13266)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511 / G:(DE-Juel1)BMBF-13N13266},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)3 / PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      urn          = {urn:nbn:de:0001-2018121902},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/860655},
}