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@ARTICLE{Tellmann:861248,
      author       = {Tellmann, Lutz and Herzog, Hans and Boers, Frank and
                      Lerche, Christoph and Shah, N. Jon},
      title        = {{A}lternative headphones for patient noise protection and
                      communication in {PET}-{MR} studies of the brain},
      journal      = {EJNMMI Research},
      volume       = {8},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2191-219X},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-01752},
      pages        = {106},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {IntroductionDue to the high noise emission generated by the
                      gradients in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an efficient
                      method of noise protection is mandatory. In addition to
                      providing hearing protection, appropriate headphone systems
                      also serve to facilitate communication between the operator
                      and the patient. However, in combined PET-MR devices, use of
                      common pneumatic headphones, as delivered by the
                      manufacturer, is problematic due to the potential generation
                      of attenuation artefacts in the PET measurement.
                      Furthermore, modern multichannel head coils rarely provide
                      space for conventional headphones. This work presents an
                      alternative system, which aims to address these limitations
                      while still being appropriate for both patient noise
                      protection and communication in PET-MR.Material and
                      methodsAs an alternative to the standard headphones supplied
                      with the PET-MR (3T MR-BrainPET, Siemens), the possibility
                      of using earphones built out of commercially available
                      earplugs has been investigated. The air channel (E-A-RLink)
                      of the earplug is connected to the tubes of the original
                      headphones. The attenuation characteristics of the
                      conventional headphones and of the modified earphones were
                      measured using a dedicated PET system with a 68Ge
                      transmission source. For this purpose, the headphones, and
                      then the earphones, were attached to a non-radioactive head
                      phantom. To investigate the influence of the different
                      phones on PET emission images, measurements of the head
                      phantom, filled with 18F solution, were performed in the
                      PET-MR. A measurement of the head phantom without headphones
                      or earphones was used as a reference.ResultsThe linear
                      attenuation coefficient of the headphones was 0.11 cm-1 and
                      that of the head phantom 0.10 cm-1. The earphones were not
                      identifiable in the transmission image. The emission image
                      showed an activity underestimation of $10\%$ near the
                      headphones, compared to the reference image, whereas the
                      earphones did not affect the image. Communication with the
                      patient via the earphones was successful, and the noise
                      protection—as confirmed by investigated subjects—was
                      satisfying.ConclusionThe presented earphones, which can be
                      connected to the existing patient communication system, are
                      a preferable alternative to the conventional headphones, as,
                      in contrast to the use of headphones, qualitative and
                      quantitative errors in the PET images can be avoided.
                      Patient acceptance of the earphones was high, despite the
                      increase in preparation time before the PET-MR study.},
      cin          = {INM-4 / INM-11 / JARA-BRAIN},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-4-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)INM-11-20170113 /
                      $I:(DE-82)080010_20140620$},
      pnm          = {573 - Neuroimaging (POF3-573)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-573},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30511194},
      UT           = {WOS:000452021800003},
      doi          = {10.1186/s13550-018-0457-6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/861248},
}