000861589 001__ 861589 000861589 005__ 20210130000859.0 000861589 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/rs11060683 000861589 0247_ $$2Handle$$a2128/21894 000861589 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000465615300060 000861589 037__ $$aFZJ-2019-02039 000861589 082__ $$a620 000861589 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aQu, Yuquan$$b0 000861589 245__ $$aRebuilding a Microwave Soil Moisture Product Using Random Forest Adopting AMSR-E/AMSR2 Brightness Temperature and SMAP over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China 000861589 260__ $$aBasel$$bMDPI$$c2019 000861589 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000861589 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000861589 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1553601202_29279 000861589 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000861589 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000861589 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000861589 520__ $$aTime series of soil moisture (SM) data in the Qinghai–Tibet plateau (QTP) covering a period longer than one decade are important for understanding the dynamics of land surface–atmosphere feedbacks in the global climate system. However, most existing SM products have a relatively short time series or show low performance over the challenging terrain of the QTP. In order to improve the spaceborne monitoring in this area, this study presents a random forest (RF) method to rebuild a high-accuracy SM product over the QTP from 19 June 2002 to 31 March 2015 by adopting the advanced microwave scanning radiometer for earth observing system (AMSR-E), and the advanced microwave scanning radiometer 2 (AMSR2), and tracking brightness temperatures with latitude and longitude using the International Geosphere–Biospheres Programme (IGBP) classification data, the digital elevation model (DEM) and the day of the year (DOY) as spatial predictors. Brightness temperature products (from frequencies 10.7 GHz, 18.7 GHz and 36.5 GHz) of AMSR2 were used to train the random forest model on two years of Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) SM data. The simulated SM values were compared with third year SMAP data and in situ stations. The results show that the RF model has high reliability as compared to SMAP, with a high correlation (R = 0.95) and low values of root mean square error (RMSE = 0.03 m3/m3) and mean absolute percent error (MAPE = 19%). Moreover, the random forest soil moisture (RFSM) results agree well with the data from five in situ networks, with mean values of R = 0.75, RMSE = 0.06 m3/m3, and bias = −0.03 m3/m3 over the whole year and R = 0.70, RMSE = 0.07 m3/m3, and bias = −0.05 m3/m3 during the unfrozen seasons. In order to test its performance throughout the whole region of QTP, the three-cornered hat (TCH) method based on removing common signals from observations and then calculating the uncertainties is applied. The results indicate that RFSM has the smallest relative error in 56% of the region, and it performs best relative to the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), and European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) project. The spatial distribution shows that RFSM has a similar spatial trend as GLDAS and ESA CCI, but RFSM exhibits a more distinct spatial distribution and responds to precipitation more effectively than GLDAS and ESA CCI. Moreover, a trend analysis shows that the temporal variation of RFSM agrees well with precipitation and LST (land surface temperature), with a dry trend in most regions of QTP and a wet trend in few north, southeast and southwest regions of QTP. In conclusion, a spatiotemporally continuous SM product with a high accuracy over the QTP was obtained. 000861589 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255$$a255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction (POF3-255)$$cPOF3-255$$fPOF III$$x0 000861589 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef 000861589 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)173794$$aZhu, Zhongli$$b1$$eCorresponding author 000861589 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aChai, Linna$$b2 000861589 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLiu, Shaomin$$b3 000861589 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129506$$aMontzka, Carsten$$b4 000861589 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLiu, Jin$$b5 000861589 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aYang, Xiaofan$$b6 000861589 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLu, Zheng$$b7 000861589 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aJin, Rui$$b8 000861589 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLi, Xiang$$b9 000861589 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGuo, Zhixia$$b10 000861589 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aZheng, Jie$$b11 000861589 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2513863-7$$a10.3390/rs11060683$$gVol. 11, no. 6, p. 683 -$$n6$$p683 $$tRemote sensing$$v11$$x2072-4292$$y2019 000861589 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/861589/files/remotesensing-11-00683.pdf$$yOpenAccess 000861589 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/861589/files/remotesensing-11-00683.pdf?subformat=pdfa$$xpdfa$$yOpenAccess 000861589 909CO $$ooai:juser.fz-juelich.de:861589$$pdnbdelivery$$pVDB$$pVDB:Earth_Environment$$pdriver$$popen_access$$popenaire 000861589 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)5008462-8$$6P:(DE-Juel1)173794$$aForschungszentrum Jülich$$b1$$kFZJ 000861589 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)5008462-8$$6P:(DE-Juel1)129506$$aForschungszentrum Jülich$$b4$$kFZJ 000861589 9131_ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255$$1G:(DE-HGF)POF3-250$$2G:(DE-HGF)POF3-200$$3G:(DE-HGF)POF3$$4G:(DE-HGF)POF$$aDE-HGF$$bErde und Umwelt$$lTerrestrische Umwelt$$vTerrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction$$x0 000861589 9141_ $$y2019 000861589 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0200$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bSCOPUS 000861589 915__ $$0LIC:(DE-HGF)CCBY4$$2HGFVOC$$aCreative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0 000861589 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0600$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bEbsco Academic Search 000861589 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0100$$2StatID$$aJCR$$bREMOTE SENS-BASEL : 2017 000861589 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0501$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bDOAJ Seal 000861589 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0500$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bDOAJ 000861589 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0111$$2StatID$$aWoS$$bScience Citation Index Expanded 000861589 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0150$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bWeb of Science Core Collection 000861589 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)9900$$2StatID$$aIF < 5 000861589 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0510$$2StatID$$aOpenAccess 000861589 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0030$$2StatID$$aPeer Review$$bASC 000861589 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1150$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bCurrent Contents - Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences 000861589 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0300$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bMedline 000861589 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0199$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bClarivate Analytics Master Journal List 000861589 920__ $$lyes 000861589 9201_ $$0I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118$$kIBG-3$$lAgrosphäre$$x0 000861589 980__ $$ajournal 000861589 980__ $$aVDB 000861589 980__ $$aUNRESTRICTED 000861589 980__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118 000861589 9801_ $$aFullTexts