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@ARTICLE{Groh:861592,
      author       = {Groh, J. and Pütz, Thomas and Gerke, H. H. and
                      Vanderborght, J. and Vereecken, H.},
      title        = {{Q}uantification and prediction of nighttime
                      evapotranspiration for two distinct grassland ecosystems},
      journal      = {Water resources research},
      volume       = {55},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1944-7973},
      address      = {[New York]},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-02042},
      pages        = {2961-2975},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Evapotranspiration (ET) is, after precipitation, the second
                      largest flux at the land surface in the water cycle and
                      occurs mainly during daytime. Less attention has been given
                      to water fluxes from the land surface into the atmosphere
                      during nighttime (i.e., between sunset and sunrise). The
                      nighttime ET (ETN) may be estimated based on models that use
                      meteorological data; however, due to missing experimental
                      long‐term data, the verification of ETN estimates is
                      limited. In this paper, the amount of ETN for two grassland
                      ecosystems was determined from highly temporally resolved
                      and precise weighing lysimeter data. We found that annual
                      ETN ranged between $3.5\%$ and $9.5\%$ of daytime annual ET
                      (ETD) and occurred mainly during wet soil and canopy surface
                      conditions, which suggests that ETN is largely related to
                      evaporation. ETN was positively correlated with wind speed.
                      Dew formation, ranging from $4.8\%$ to $6.4\%$ of annual
                      precipitation, was in absolute terms larger than ETN. The
                      prediction of ETN with the Penman‐Monteith model improved
                      if the aerodynamic and surface resistance parameters were
                      based on vegetation height observations and the nighttime
                      stomatal resistance parameter was assumed to be zero. The
                      occurrence of hot days during the observation period showed
                      to increase average ETN rates. Our results suggest that ETN
                      can be observed with precision weighing lysimeters, was a
                      not negligible component in the water balance of the
                      grassland ecosystems, and thus needs more attention when
                      simulating land surface hydrological processes.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000468597900022},
      doi          = {10.1029/2018WR024072},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/861592},
}