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@ARTICLE{Becker:861914,
      author       = {Becker, Julia and Mahlke , Nina Sophie and Reckert ,
                      Alexandra and Eickhoff, Simon and Ritz-Timme, Stefanie},
      title        = {{A}ge estimation based on different molecular clocks in
                      several tissues and a multivariate approach: {A}n
                      explorative study},
      journal      = {International journal of legal medicine},
      volume       = {134},
      issn         = {0044-3433},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-02320},
      pages        = {721-733},
      year         = {2020},
      note         = {Bitte die Doi eintragen},
      abstract     = {Several molecular modifications accumulate in the human
                      organism with increasing age. Some of these „molecular
                      clocks“ in DNA and in proteins open up promising
                      approaches for the development of methods for forensic age
                      estimation. A natural limitation of these methods arises
                      from the fact that the chronological age is determined only
                      indirectly by analyzing defined molecular changes that occur
                      during aging. These changes are not linked exclusively to
                      the expired life span but may be influenced significantly by
                      intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the complex process of
                      individual aging. We tested the hypothesis that a combined
                      use of different “molecular clocks” in different tissues
                      results in more precise age estimates because this approach
                      addresses the complex ageing processes in a more
                      comprehensive way. Two molecular clocks (accumulation of
                      D-aspartic acid (D-Asp), accumulation of pentosidine (PEN))
                      in two different tissues (annulus fibrosus of intervertebral
                      discs and elastic cartilage of the epiglottis) were analyzed
                      in 95 cases, and uni- and multivariate models for age
                      estimation were generated.The more parameters were included
                      in the models for age estimation, the smaller the mean
                      absolute errors (MAE) became. While the MAEs were 7.5 –
                      11.0 years in univariate models, a multivariate model based
                      on the two protein clocks in the two tissues resulted in a
                      MAE of 4.0 years. These results support our hypothesis. The
                      tested approach of a combined analysis of different
                      molecular clocks analyzed in different tissues opens up new
                      possibilities in postmortem age estimation. In a next step,
                      we will add the epigenetic clock (DNA methylation) to our
                      protein clocks (PEN, D-Asp) and expand our set of
                      tissues.Keywords: Age estimation, pentosidine, D-aspartic
                      acid, machine learning, age prediction model, molecular
                      clocks},
      cin          = {INM-7},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406},
      pnm          = {574 - Theory, modelling and simulation (POF3-574)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-574},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30976985},
      UT           = {WOS:000516579000041},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00414-019-02054-9},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/861914},
}