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@ARTICLE{Andre:862037,
      author       = {Andre, Frederic and Jonard, François and Jonard, Mathieu
                      and Vereecken, Harry and Lambot, Sébastien},
      title        = {{A}ccounting for {S}urface {R}oughness {S}cattering in the
                      {C}haracterization of {F}orest {L}itter with
                      {G}round-{P}enetrating {R}adar},
      journal      = {Remote sensing},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {2072-4292},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-02405},
      pages        = {828 -},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Accurate characterization of forest litter is of high
                      interest for land surface modeling and for interpreting
                      remote sensing observations over forested areas. Due to the
                      large spatial heterogeneity of forest litter, scattering
                      from litter layers has to be considered when sensed using
                      microwave techniques. Here, we apply a full-waveform radar
                      model combined with a surface roughness model to
                      ultrawideband ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data acquired
                      above forest litter during controlled and in situ
                      experiments. For both experiments, the proposed modeling
                      approach successfully described the radar data, with
                      improvements compared to a previous study in which roughness
                      was not directly accounted for. Inversion of the GPR data
                      also provided reliable estimates of the relative dielectric
                      permittivity of the recently fallen litter (OL layer) and of
                      the fragmented litter in partial decomposition (OF layer)
                      with, respectively, averaged values of 1.35 and 3.8 for the
                      controlled experiment and of 3.9 and 7.5 for the in situ
                      experiment. These results show the promising potentialities
                      of GPR for efficient and non-invasive characterization of
                      forest organic layers.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000465549300093},
      doi          = {10.3390/rs11070828},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/862037},
}