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@ARTICLE{Pithan:862039,
      author       = {Pithan, Christian and Katsu, Hayato and Waser, R.},
      title        = {{H}eavily donor-doped, optically translucent and
                      ferroelectric barium titanate ceramics through defect
                      chemical engineering},
      journal      = {CrystEngComm},
      volume       = {21},
      number       = {18},
      issn         = {1466-8033},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {RSC},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-02407},
      pages        = {2854},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {The possibility of preparing translucent ferroelectric
                      heavily donor-doped BaTiO3 ceramics rich in TiO2 has been
                      demonstrated by conventional ceramics processing based on
                      the synthesis via the solid state route and on subsequent
                      sintering and annealing at high pressures of oxygen partial
                      pressure. The resulting ceramics possess very high densities
                      and a very fine-grained microstructure with a remarkably
                      narrow grain size distribution. Under oxidizing conditions
                      large amounts of the donor – in this case La – can be
                      incorporated into the perovskite lattice during sintering,
                      as the variation of the lattice parameters determined by
                      combined XRD (X-ray diffraction) and Rietfeld-refinements
                      suggests. The electrons released from these donors are
                      captured most probably by vacancies of titanium, which act
                      as acceptors. The optical properties are largely determined
                      by the defect chemistry and in particular by the
                      concentration of free conducting electrons. Especially the
                      reduction of the free electron concentration is believed to
                      be mainly responsible for the high degree of optical
                      translucency. The normalized values of transmittance almost
                      reach the best values reported so far for nano-crystalline
                      barium titanate powders that have been consolidated via
                      pressure assisted sintering. Measurements of the refractive
                      indices showed that they can be modified by the state of
                      polarization of the ferroelectric BaTiO3-based ceramics.
                      This newly developed material possibly opens a door to novel
                      electro-optical applications.},
      cin          = {PGI-7 / JARA-FIT},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-7-20110106 / $I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$},
      pnm          = {524 - Controlling Collective States (POF3-524)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-524},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000467736200014},
      doi          = {10.1039/C9CE00189A},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/862039},
}