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@ARTICLE{Wu:862140,
      author       = {Wu, Guixuan and Seebold, Sören and Yazhenskikh, Elena and
                      Tanner, Joanne and Hack, Klaus and Müller, Michael},
      title        = {{S}lag {M}obility in {E}ntrained {F}low {G}asifiers
                      {O}ptimized {U}sing a {N}ew {R}eliable {V}iscosity {M}odel
                      of {I}ron {O}xide-{C}ontaining {M}ulticomponent {M}elts},
      journal      = {Applied energy},
      volume       = {236},
      issn         = {0306-2619},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-02494},
      pages        = {837 - 849},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Entrained flow gasification is a promising approach in
                      clean and efficient utilization of coal as well as biomass.
                      Knowledge of slag mobility is of fundamental as well as
                      practical importance to maintain high performance in
                      entrained flow coal or biomass gasification applications.
                      Due to the complex behavior of slag mobility, especially in
                      iron oxide-containing fuel slags, slag tap blockage remains
                      a challenge. Slag mobility is directly related to the
                      structure-dependent property viscosity. In this paper, a
                      reliable, general viscosity model is therefore developed by
                      taking into account the structure determined by temperature
                      and composition and, for the first time, by oxygen partial
                      pressure. The structure is described by means of a non-ideal
                      associate solution used to describe the Gibbs energy of the
                      liquid phase. This is a novel approach to bridge chemical
                      and physical properties. In order to obtain a reasonable set
                      of the model parameters, the viscosity behavior with respect
                      to temperature, composition, and oxygen partial pressure is
                      critically assessed in conjunction with the melt structure.
                      The model calculations are further extended to evaluate
                      systems with more than three components and the similarity
                      in the predicted viscosity behavior in comparison to the
                      experimental results in turn implies the validation of model
                      parameters. The viscosities of several real coal and biomass
                      slags are used to validate the model. The results show that
                      the model gives a good performance in describing the
                      viscosity over the whole range of compositions and a wide
                      range of temperatures, as well as predicting the influence
                      of oxygen partial pressures. This is achieved using only one
                      set of model parameters, which have a clear physico-chemical
                      meaning. The model is a self-consistent, reliable,
                      predictive tool for use in the regions where no experimental
                      data are available. In combination with the phase relation
                      this reliable model is applied to determine an optimum
                      liquid slag system according to a target viscosity value
                      under given conditions through a proper blending proportion
                      of several fuel slags, which prevents a potential complex
                      slag mobility of liquid-solid mixtures. The limitations of
                      the current model applied to describe the slag mobility in
                      real entrained flow gasifiers are also specified.},
      cin          = {IEK-2},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {111 - Efficient and Flexible Power Plants (POF3-111)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000458712500065},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.11.100},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/862140},
}