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@ARTICLE{Fischer:862152,
      author       = {Fischer, T. and Kuhn, B.},
      title        = {{I}mpact of frequency, hold time and atmosphere on
                      creep-fatigue of a $9–12\%$ {C}r steel from
                      300 °{C}−600 °{C}},
      journal      = {International journal of fatigue},
      volume       = {124},
      issn         = {0142-1123},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-02506},
      pages        = {288 - 302},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {In this study the impact of frequency or rather hold time
                      and atmosphere on the transition from fatigue dominated
                      crack growth to creep fatigue of the ferritic/martensitic
                      steel X20CrMoV12-1 was investigated from
                      300 °C−600 °C. This temperature range is most
                      important for power plants operated in a flexible manner.
                      Due to the increased share of renewable sources of energy,
                      modern thermal power plants must be operated in a flexible
                      manner to compensate fluctuating power supply from
                      renewables. More damaging loading scenarios, including
                      frequent start-up and shut-down cycles as well as load
                      fluctuations, occur much more frequently than in the past as
                      a consequence. Fatigue damage becomes more and more
                      important, while creep damage reduces due to shorter full
                      power operation durations. Furthermore, loss of passivation
                      by fatigue induced cracking and delamination of protective
                      oxide layers may constitute strong interdependencies of
                      increased cyclic operation and steam oxidation resistance.
                      This results in the necessity for a innovative surveillance
                      concepts including operation mode dependent inspection
                      intervals of thermal power plants. Application of a damage
                      tolerance concept, based on fracture mechanics, can help to
                      improve remaining life assessment of existing and fatigue
                      tolerant design of future power plants. In order to develop
                      codes for flexibly operated components, based on damage
                      tolerance analysis by linear elastic fracture mechanics, its
                      validity range and especially its limitation have to be
                      evaluated first. The study has shown that the transition
                      from pure fatigue to creep fatigue interaction begins at
                      500 °C and 3.33 × 10−3 Hz (300 s hold time).
                      Furthermore this transition was found to be independent from
                      steam atmosphere. The corresponding fracture mechanisms were
                      investigated in detail.},
      cin          = {IEK-2},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {111 - Efficient and Flexible Power Plants (POF3-111)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000470940100027},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.03.005},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/862152},
}