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@ARTICLE{Xu:862376,
      author       = {Xu, Shuang and Yue, Jia and Xue, Xianghui and Vadas, Sharon
                      L. and Miller, Steven D. and Azeem, Irfan and Straka,
                      William and Hoffmann, Lars and Zhang, Simin},
      title        = {{D}ynamical {C}oupling between {H}urricane {M}atthew and
                      the {M}iddle to {U}pper {A}tmosphere via {G}ravity {W}aves},
      journal      = {Journal of geophysical research / Space physics Space
                      physics [...]},
      volume       = {124},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {2169-9402},
      address      = {Hoboken, NJ},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-02709},
      pages        = {3589-3608},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {During 30 September to 9 October 2016, Hurricane Matthew
                      traversed the Caribbean Sea to the east coast of the United
                      States. During its period of greatest intensity, in the
                      central Caribbean, Matthew excited a large number of
                      concentric gravity waves (GWs, or CGWs). In this paper, we
                      report on hurricane‐generated CGWs observed in both the
                      stratosphere and mesosphere from space‐borne satellites
                      and in the ionosphere by ground Global Positioning System
                      (GPS) receivers. We found CGWs with horizontal wavelengths
                      of ~200–300 km in the stratosphere (height of ~30–40 km)
                      and in the airglow layer of the mesopause (height of
                      ~85–90 km), and we found concentric traveling ionospheric
                      disturbances (TIDs, or CTIDs) with horizontal wavelengths of
                      ~250–350 km in the ionosphere (height of ~100–400 km).
                      The observed TIDs lasted for more than several hours on 1, 2
                      and 7 October 2016. We also briefly discuss the vertical and
                      horizontal propagation of the Hurricane Matthew‐induced
                      GWs and TIDs. This study shows that Hurricane Matthew
                      induced significant dynamical coupling between the
                      troposphere and the entire middle and upper atmosphere via
                      GWs. It is the first comprehensive satellite analysis of
                      gravity wave propagation generated by hurricane event from
                      the troposphere through the stratosphere and mesosphere into
                      the ionosphere.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {520},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000471601500031},
      doi          = {10.1029/2018JA026453},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/862376},
}