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@INPROCEEDINGS{Junker:862404,
      author       = {Junker, Laura and Rascher, Uwe and Jaenicke, Hannah and
                      Muller, Onno},
      title        = {{D}etection of plant stress responses in aphid-infested
                      lettuce using non-invasive detection methods},
      volume       = {142},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-02732},
      pages        = {8-16},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Lettuce cultures are prone to aphid infestations, but
                      consumer tolerance for aphids in fresh lettuce is close to
                      zero. To avoid losses of harvest due to aphids, lettuce
                      plants are routinely sprayed with pesticides. Broadcast
                      spraying of pesticides are costly, pollute the environment
                      and may lead to pesticide residues in lettuce. Typically,
                      early aphid infestation of lettuce cultures is not uniform,
                      but shows a heterogeneous distribution. An early
                      identification of aphid-infested lettuce plants prior to
                      widespread infestation of whole fields would allow for
                      selective spraying which reduces the use of pesticides.
                      Although aphids have been shown to trigger physiological
                      adjustments in plants, optical detection methods for
                      aphid-infested lettuce plants based on their biotic stress
                      response have yet to be developed. For other crop plants,
                      aphid infestation has been shown to change the optical
                      properties of leaves and canopies. Spectral reflectance
                      measurements of wheat and soybean revealed an increased
                      reflectance in the visible spectrum, but decreased
                      reflectance in the near-infrared (NIR) due to changed
                      chlorophyll content and structural characteristics of
                      leaves. In our first experimental approach, we compared
                      spectral reflectance of field-grown plants with and without
                      aphid infestation. Here, we used aphid-proof enclosures with
                      control plants and plants subjected to manual infestation
                      with the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbia, a generalist
                      aphid commonly found on lettuce plants. Three weeks after
                      initial infestation, we counted an average of 130 aphids per
                      plant, which were mainly found on the abaxial side of outer
                      lettuce leaves, while control plants were mainly uninfested.
                      A comparison of leaf-level spectral reflectance of control
                      and aphid-infested plants revealed minor variation in
                      spectral reflectance patterns. We conclude that despite high
                      infestation levels, plants did not exhibit a strong systemic
                      stress response to aphid infestation. This experiment is
                      only the beginning of a row of field and laboratory
                      experiments to find a non-invasive detection technique
                      suitable to indicate the biotic stress response of lettuce
                      plants, and will be followed by experimental approaches
                      using plant- and canopy-level spectral reflectance
                      measurements, chlorophyll fluorescence measurements and
                      thermal imaging.},
      month         = {Oct},
      date          = {2017-10-02},
      organization  = {IOBC-WPRS Meeting “Integrated
                       Protection in Field Vegetables”,
                       Salenbach (Switzerland), 2 Oct 2017 - 6
                       Oct 2017},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {582 - Plant Science (POF3-582)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-582},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)8},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/862404},
}