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@ARTICLE{Andr:862510,
      author       = {Andrä, M. and Bluhm, H. and Dittmann, R. and Schneider,
                      Claus Michael and Waser, R. and Müller, David and Gunkel,
                      F.},
      title        = {{C}hemical control of the electrical surface properties in
                      donor-doped transition metal oxides},
      journal      = {Physical review materials},
      volume       = {3},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {2475-9953},
      address      = {College Park, MD},
      publisher    = {APS},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-02814},
      pages        = {044604},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Donor-doped transition metal oxides such as donor-doped
                      strontium titanate (n−SrTiO3) are of fundamental
                      importance for oxide electronic devices as well as for
                      electronic surface and interface engineering. Here we
                      quantitatively analyze the variable band alignment and the
                      resulting space charge layer at the surface of n−SrTiO3,
                      determined by its surface redox chemistry. Synchrotron-based
                      ambient-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy conducted
                      under applied thermodynamic bias is used to access
                      electronic structure and chemistry of the surface. We find
                      an electron depletion layer driven by cationic surface point
                      defects that are controlled by adjusting the ambient
                      atmosphere (pO2). We correlate the pO2 dependence to a
                      response of the strontium sublattice, namely the
                      precipitation of strontium oxide and the formation of
                      charged strontium vacancies at the surface. We suggest the
                      reversible conversion of surface-terminating strontium oxide
                      into extended strontium oxide clusters as the responsible
                      process by resolving chemical dynamics in situ. As we show,
                      atomic control of these subtle changes in the surface redox
                      chemistry allows us to tailor electrical transport
                      properties along the n−SrTiO3 surface. Our study thereby
                      gives access to engineering electronic band bending in
                      transition metal oxides by the control of the surface
                      chemistry.},
      cin          = {PGI-7 / JARA-FIT / PGI-11 / PGI-6},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-7-20110106 / $I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$ /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-11-20170113 / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-6-20110106},
      pnm          = {524 - Controlling Collective States (POF3-524)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-524},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000464762300001},
      doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.3.044604},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/862510},
}