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@ARTICLE{RincnMontes:862528,
      author       = {Rincón Montes, Viviana and Gehlen, Jana and Lück, Stefan
                      and Mokwa, Wilfried and Müller, Frank and Walter, Peter and
                      Offenhäusser, Andreas},
      title        = {{T}oward a {B}idirectional {C}ommunication {B}etween
                      {R}etinal {C}ells and a {P}rosthetic {D}evice – {A}
                      {P}roof of {C}oncept},
      journal      = {Frontiers in neuroscience},
      volume       = {13},
      issn         = {1662-453X},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-02827},
      pages        = {367},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Background: Significant progress toward the recovery of
                      useful vision in blind patients with severe degenerative
                      retinal diseases caused by photoreceptor death has been
                      achieved with the development of visual prostheses that
                      stimulate the retina electrically. However, currently used
                      prostheses do not provide feedback about the retinal
                      activity before and upon stimulation and do not adjust to
                      changes during the remodeling processes in the retina. Both
                      features are desirable to improve the efficiency of the
                      electrical stimulation (ES) therapy offered by these
                      devices. Accordingly, devices that not only enable ES but at
                      the same time provide information about the retinal activity
                      are beneficial. Given the above, a bidirectional
                      communication strategy, in which inner retinal cells are
                      stimulated and the output neurons of the retina, the
                      ganglion cells, are recorded using penetrating
                      microelectrode arrays (MEAs) is proposed.Methods:
                      Custom-made penetrating MEAs with four silicon-based shanks,
                      each one with three or four iridium oxide electrodes
                      specifically designed to match retinal dimensions were used
                      to record the activity of light-adapted wildtype mice
                      retinas and degenerated retinas from rd10 mice in vitro. In
                      addition, responses to high potassium concentration and to
                      light stimulation in wildtype retinas were examined.
                      Furthermore, voltage-controlled ES was performed.Results:
                      The spiking activity of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was
                      recorded at different depths of penetration inside the
                      retina. Physiological responses during an increase of the
                      extracellular potassium concentration and phasic and tonic
                      responses during light stimulation were captured. Moreover,
                      pathologic rhythmic activity was recorded from degenerated
                      retinas. Finally, ES of the inner retina and simultaneous
                      recording of the activity of RGCs was
                      accomplished.Conclusion: The access to different layers of
                      the retina with penetrating electrodes while recording at
                      the same time the spiking activity of RGCs broadens the use
                      and the field of action of multi-shank and multi-site
                      penetrating MEAs for retinal applications. It enables a
                      bidirectional strategy to stimulate inner retinal cells
                      electrically and to record from the spiking RGCs
                      simultaneously (BiMEA). This opens the possibility of a
                      feedback loop system to acknowledge the success of ES
                      carried out by retinal prostheses.},
      cin          = {ICS-4},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICS-4-20110106},
      pnm          = {553 - Physical Basis of Diseases (POF3-553)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-553},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31114470},
      UT           = {WOS:000466494100001},
      doi          = {10.3389/fnins.2019.00367},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/862528},
}