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@ARTICLE{Peters:862613,
      author       = {Peters, Ralf and Baltruweit, Maxana and Grube, Thomas and
                      Samsun, Remzi Can and Stolten, Detlef},
      title        = {{A} {T}echno {E}conomic {A}nalysis of the {P}ower-to-{G}as
                      {R}oute},
      journal      = {Journal of CO2 utilization},
      volume       = {34},
      issn         = {2212-9820},
      address      = {Amsterdam ˜[u.a.]œ},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-02882},
      pages        = {616 - 634},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {A successful implementation of Germany’s energy
                      transition to renewable energy supply requires a strong
                      interlinking between different sectors such as energy supply
                      and mobility which is labeled as sector coupling.
                      Power-to-methane is one option for sector coupling in a
                      future energy system. Here, a techno-economic analysis is
                      presented that investigated different pathways with eight
                      different scenarios. The first four use renewable hydrogen
                      via electrolysis from wind combined with different CO2
                      sources, i.e., from biogas production, tail gas from power
                      plants, provided by a supplier and from direct air capture.
                      The remaining four scenarios based on conventional hydrogen
                      and carbon dioxide sources are considered for the sake of
                      comprehensive coverage. For all scenarios, a process
                      analysis provides important insights. The economic analysis
                      shows methane costs in the range of €3.51-€3.88 per kg
                      for all optimized process schemes on the power to gas route.
                      Therefore, no economic benefit can be achieved for a gas
                      provider using power-to-methane in his gas grid.
                      Nevertheless, with regard to the GHG reduction target of
                      $80–95\%$ through 2050, green solutions are of special
                      interest. The results of the ecological analysis show a
                      highly promising pathway that makes use of liquid manure.
                      The avoidance of fertilizing soil by dispensing large
                      amounts of liquid manure achieves improvements in
                      acidification and eutrophication of soil and ground water. A
                      switch from fossil diesel to fossil natural gas only yields
                      a reduction of between $7\%–22\%.$ Good results were
                      already achieved by applying municipal waste or dry manure
                      offering an $87\%$ GHG reduction. Liquid manure offers a
                      credit of -78.1 g CO2,eq/MJf CH4 instead of GHG emissions
                      on the order of 70.4 g CO2,eq/MJf CH4 using fossil CNG on
                      a well-to-wheel basis.},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {624},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000499390900059},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jcou.2019.07.009},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/862613},
}