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@ARTICLE{Jonard:862658,
      author       = {Jonard, Francois and Andre, Frederic and Pinel, Nicolas and
                      Warren, Craig and Vereecken, Harry and Lambot, Sebastien},
      title        = {{M}odeling of {M}ultilayered {M}edia {G}reen's {F}unctions
                      {W}ith {R}ough {I}nterfaces},
      journal      = {IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing},
      volume       = {57},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {0018-9413},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {IEEE},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-02914},
      pages        = {7671 - 7681},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Horizontally stratified media are commonly used to
                      represent naturally occurring and man-made structures, such
                      as soils, roads, and pavements, when probed by
                      ground-penetrating radar (GPR). Electromagnetic (EM) wave
                      scattering from such multilayered media is dependent on the
                      roughness of the interfaces. In this paper, we developed a
                      closed-form asymptotic EM model considering random rough
                      layers based on the scalar Kirchhoff-tangent plane
                      approximation (SKA) model that we combined with planar
                      multilayered media Green's functions. In order to validate
                      our extended SKA model, we conducted simulations using a
                      numerical EM solver based on the finite-difference
                      time-domain (FDTD) method. We modeled a medium with three
                      layers--a base layer of perfect electric conductor (PEC)
                      overlaid by two layers of different materials with rough
                      interfaces. The reflections at the first and at the second
                      interface were both well reproduced by the SKA model for
                      each roughness condition. For the reflection at the PEC
                      surface, the extended SKA model slightly overestimated the
                      reflection, and this overestimation increased with the
                      roughness amplitude. Good agreement was also obtained
                      between the FDTD simulation input values and the inverted
                      root mean square (rms) height estimates of the top
                      interface, while the inverted rms heights of the second
                      interface were slightly overestimated. The accuracy and the
                      performances of our asymptotic forward model demonstrate the
                      promising perspectives for simulating rough multilayered
                      media and, hence, for the full waveform inversion of GPR
                      data to noninvasively characterize soils and materials.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000489829200030},
      doi          = {10.1109/TGRS.2019.2915676},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/862658},
}