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@ARTICLE{Naqash:863221,
      author       = {Naqash, Sahir and Sebold, Doris and Tietz, Frank and
                      Guillon, Olivier},
      title        = {{M}icrostructure-conductivity relationship of {N}a 3 {Z}r 2
                      ({S}i{O} 4 ) 2 ({PO} 4 ) ceramics},
      journal      = {Journal of the American Ceramic Society},
      volume       = {102},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {0002-7820},
      address      = {Westerville, Ohio},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-03313},
      pages        = {1057 - 1070},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {The ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes is dependent
                      on synthesis and processing conditions, ie, powder
                      properties, shaping parameters, sintering time (ts), and
                      sintering temperature (Ts). In this study,
                      Na3Zr2(SiO4)2(PO4) was sintered at 1200 and 1250°C for
                      0‐10 hours and its microstructure and electrical
                      performance were investigated by means of scanning electron
                      microscopy and impedance spectroscopy. After sintering under
                      all conditions, the sodium super‐ionic conductor‐type
                      structure was formed along with ZrO2 as a secondary phase.
                      The microstructure investigation revealed a bimodal particle
                      size distribution and grain growth at both Ts. The density
                      of samples increased from $60\%$ at 1200°C for 0 hours to
                      $93\%$ at 1250°C for 10 hours. The ionic conductivity of
                      the samples increased with ts due to densification and grain
                      growth, ranging from 0.13 to 0.71 mS/cm, respectively. The
                      corresponding equivalent circuit fitting for the impedance
                      spectra revealed that grain boundary resistance is the prime
                      factor contributing to the changing conductivity after
                      sintering. The activation energy of the bulk conductivity
                      (Ea,bulk) remained almost constant (0.26 eV) whereas the
                      activation energy of the total conductivity (Ea) exhibited a
                      decreasing trend from 0.37 to 0.30 eV for the samples with
                      ts = 0 and 10 hours, respectively—both sintered at
                      1250°C. In this study, the control of the grain boundaries
                      improved the electrical conductivity by a factor of 6.},
      cin          = {IEK-1},
      ddc          = {660},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000459610500027},
      doi          = {10.1111/jace.15988},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/863221},
}