TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ma, Bo
AU  - Gaens, Michaela
AU  - Caldeira, Liliana
AU  - Bert, Julian
AU  - Lohmann, Philipp
AU  - Tellmann, Lutz
AU  - Lerche, Christoph
AU  - Scheins, Jurgen
AU  - Kops, Elena Rota
AU  - Xu, Hancong
AU  - Lenz, Mirjam
AU  - Pietrzyk, Uwe
AU  - Shah, N. J.
TI  - Scatter Correction based on GPU-accelerated Full Monte Carlo Simulation for Brain PET/MRI
JO  - IEEE transactions on medical imaging
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
SN  - 1558-254X
CY  - New York, NY
PB  - IEEE
M1  - FZJ-2019-03402
SP  - 140-151
PY  - 2020
AB  - Accurate scatter correction is essential for qualitative and quantitative PET imaging. Until now, scatter correction based on Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) has been recognized as the most accurate method of scatter correction for PET. However, the major disadvantage of MCS is its long computational time, which makes it unfeasible for clinical usage. Meanwhile, single scatter simulation (SSS) is the most widely used method for scatter correction. Nevertheless, SSS has the disadvantage of limited robustness for dynamic measurements and for the measurement of large objects. In this work, a newly developed implementation of MCS using graphics processing unit (GPU) acceleration is employed, allowing full MCS-based scatter correction in clinical 3D brain PET imaging. Starting from the generation of annihilation photons to their detection in the simulated PET scanner, all relevant physical interactions and transport phenomena of the photons were simulated on GPUs. This resulted in an expected distribution of scattered events, which was subsequently used to correct the measured emission data. The accuracy of the approach was validated with simulations using GATE (Geant4 Application for Tomography Emission), and its performance was compared to SSS. The comparison of the computation time between a GPU and a single-threaded CPU showed an acceleration factor of 776 for a voxelized brain phantom study. The speedup of the MCS implemented on the GPU represents a major step toward the application of the more accurate MCS-based scatter correction for PET imaging in clinical routine
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:31180843
UR  - <Go to ISI:>//WOS:000506577100013
DO  - DOI:10.1109/TMI.2019.2921872
UR  - https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/863322
ER  -