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@ARTICLE{Appelt:863450,
      author       = {Appelt, S. and Kentner, A. and Lehmkuhl, S. and Blümich,
                      B.},
      title        = {{F}rom {LASER} physics to the para-hydrogen pumped {RASER}},
      journal      = {Progress in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy},
      volume       = {114-115},
      issn         = {0079-6565},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-03514},
      pages        = {1 - 32},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {The properties of the LASER with respect to
                      self-organization are compared with the key features of the
                      p-H2 pumped RASER. According to LASER theory the equations
                      of motion for the LASER can be derived from the enslaving
                      principle, i.e. the slowest-changing order parameter (the
                      light field in the resonator) enslaves the rapidly relaxing
                      atomic degrees of freedom. Likewise, it is shown here that
                      the equations of motion for the p-H2 pumped RASER result
                      from a set of order parameters, where the transverse
                      magnetization of the RASER-active spin states enslaves the
                      electromagnetic modes. The consequences are striking for
                      nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, since
                      long-lasting multi-mode RASER oscillations enable
                      unprecedented spectroscopic resolution down to the
                      micro-Hertz regime. Based on the theory for multi-mode RASER
                      operation we analyze the conditions that reveal either the
                      collapse of the entire NMR spectrum, the occurrence of
                      self-organized frequency-combs, or RASER spectra which
                      reflect the J-coupled network of the molecule. Certain RASER
                      experiments involving the protons of 15N pyridine or
                      3-picoline molecules pumped with p-H2 via SABRE (Signal
                      Amplification By Reversible Exchange) show either a single
                      RASER oscillation in the time domain, giant RASER pulses or
                      a complex RASER beat pattern. The corresponding 1H spectra
                      consist of one narrow line, equidistant narrow lines
                      (frequency-comb), or highly resolved lines reporting NMR
                      properties, respectively. Numerous applications in the areas
                      of material sciences, fundamental physics and medicine
                      involving high precision sensors for magnetic fields,
                      rotational motions or molecular structures become feasible.},
      cin          = {ZEA-2},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ZEA-2-20090406},
      pnm          = {524 - Controlling Collective States (POF3-524)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-524},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31779878},
      UT           = {WOS:000510432500001},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.05.003},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/863450},
}