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@ARTICLE{Hoenig:863612,
      author       = {Hoenig, Merle C. and Bischof, Gérard N. and Onur, Özgür
                      A. and Kukolja, Juraj and Jessen, Frank and Fliessbach,
                      Klaus and Neumaier, Bernd and Fink, Gereon R. and Kalbe,
                      Elke and Drzezga, Alexander and van Eimeren, Thilo},
      title        = {{L}evel of education mitigates the impact of tau pathology
                      on neuronal function},
      journal      = {European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging},
      volume       = {46},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {1619-7089},
      address      = {Heidelberg [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer-Verl.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-03624},
      pages        = {1787–1795},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {PurposeUsing PET imaging in a group of patients with
                      Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we investigated whether level of
                      education, a proxy for resilience, mitigates the harmful
                      impact of tau pathology on neuronal function.MethodsWe
                      included 38 patients with mild-to-moderate AD (mean age
                      67 ± 7 years, mean MMSE score 24 ± 4, mean years
                      of education 14 ± 4; 20 men, 18 women) in whom a
                      [18F]AV-1451 scan (a measure of tau pathology) and an
                      [18F]FDG scan (a measure of neuronal function) were
                      available. The preprocessed PET scans were z-transformed
                      using templates for [18F]AV-1451 and [18F]FDG from healthy
                      controls, and subsequently thresholded at a z-score of
                      ≥3.0, representing an one-tailed p value of 0.001. Next,
                      three volumes were computed in each patient: the
                      tau-specific volume (tau pathology without neuronal
                      dysfunction), the FDG-specific volume (neuronal dysfunction
                      without tau pathology), and the overlap volume (tau
                      pathology and neuronal dysfunction). Mean z-scores and
                      volumes were extracted and used as dependent variables in
                      regression analysis with years of education as predictor,
                      and age and MMSE score as covariates.ResultsYears of
                      education were positively associated with tau-specific
                      volume (β = 0.362, p = 0.022), suggesting a lower
                      impact of tau pathology on neuronal function in patients
                      with higher levels of education. Concomitantly, level of
                      education was positively related to tau burden in the
                      overlap volume (β = 0.303, p = 0.036) implying that
                      with higher levels of education more tau pathology is
                      necessary to induce neuronal dysfunction.ConclusionIn
                      patients with higher levels of education, tau pathology is
                      less paralleled by regional and remote neuronal dysfunction.
                      The data suggest that early life-time factors such as level
                      of education support resilience mechanisms, which ameliorate
                      AD-related effects later in life.},
      cin          = {INM-3 / INM-2 / INM-5},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-3-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)INM-2-20090406 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)INM-5-20090406},
      pnm          = {572 - (Dys-)function and Plasticity (POF3-572)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-572},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31183635},
      UT           = {WOS:000475673300004},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00259-019-04342-3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/863612},
}