% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adrian:863708,
      author       = {Adrian, Juliane},
      title        = {{Q}ueuing or {P}ushing: {P}edestrian {B}ehavior in {F}ront
                      of {B}ottlenecks},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-03712},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {When people are confronted with a spatial bottleneck, they
                      either follow the social norm of queuing or they start
                      pushing leading to a high density of persons per square
                      meter. Typical bottlenecks where pushing can occur are
                      entrance gates to concert areas. In a recent experiment, we
                      investigated the influence of the width of a corridor
                      leading straight to an entrance gate on the behavior of
                      participants. The corridor width was varied between 1.2 m
                      and 5.6 m while the entrance was 0.5 m wide. The main
                      question is whether there is a critical corridor width
                      limiting queuing behavior and facilitating a pushing
                      behavior. As participants, university students were
                      recruited directly after their lectures. Each group of
                      students had to perform two runs with the same corridor
                      width but different degrees of motivation. For high
                      motivation, the students had to imagine that they want to
                      enter a concert and only the first persons to enter will
                      have an undisturbed view of the stage. For low motivation,
                      they were told that all persons will be able to see the
                      stage.Our findings are mainly based on density and
                      waiting-time measurements. It is shown that wide corridors
                      and a high motivation facilitate a strong contraction
                      followed by a high density indicating a pushing behavior.
                      Narrow corridors and a low motivation lead to a medium
                      density rather indicating a queuing behavior.},
      month         = {May},
      date          = {2019-05-19},
      organization  = {SIAM Conference on Applications of
                       Dynamical Systems, Snowbird, Utah
                       (USA), 19 May 2019 - 23 May 2019},
      subtyp        = {After Call},
      cin          = {IAS-7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IAS-7-20180321},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/863708},
}