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@ARTICLE{Kannengieer:863978,
      author       = {Kannengießer, Timo and Hoffmann, Maximilian and Kotzur,
                      Leander and Stenzel, Peter and Schuetz, Fabian and Peters,
                      Klaus and Nykamp, Stefan and Stolten, Detlef and Robinius,
                      Martin},
      title        = {{R}educing {C}omputational {L}oad for {M}ixed {I}nteger
                      {L}inear {P}rogramming: {A}n {E}xample for a {D}istrict and
                      an {I}sland {E}nergy {S}ystem},
      journal      = {Energies},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {14},
      issn         = {1996-1073},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-03894},
      pages        = {2825 -},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {The complexity of Mixed-Integer Linear Programs (MILPs)
                      increases with the number of nodes in energy system models.
                      An increasing complexity constitutes a high computational
                      load that can limit the scale of the energy system model.
                      Hence, methods are sought to reduce this complexity. In this
                      paper, we present a new 2-Level Approach to MILP energy
                      system models that determines the system design through a
                      combination of continuous and discrete decisions. On the
                      first level, data reduction methods are used to determine
                      the discrete design decisions in a simplified solution
                      space. Those decisions are then fixed, and on the second
                      level the full dataset is used to ex-tract the exact scaling
                      of the chosen technologies. The performance of the new
                      2-Level Approach is evaluated for a case study of an urban
                      energy system with six buildings and an island system based
                      on a high share of renewable energy technologies. The
                      results of the studies show a high accuracy with respect to
                      the total annual costs, chosen system structure, installed
                      capacities and peak load with the 2-Level Approach compared
                      to the results of a single level optimization. The
                      computational load is thereby reduced by more than one order
                      of magnitude},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {134 - Electrolysis and Hydrogen (POF3-134) / ES2050 -
                      Energie Sytem 2050 (ES2050)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-134 / G:(DE-HGF)ES2050},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000478999400181},
      doi          = {10.3390/en12142825},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/863978},
}