000864231 001__ 864231 000864231 005__ 20240711113849.0 000864231 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1088/1741-4326/ab280f 000864231 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0029-5515 000864231 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1741-4326 000864231 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:63877735 000864231 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000476824400001 000864231 0247_ $$2Handle$$a2128/23407 000864231 037__ $$aFZJ-2019-04065 000864231 082__ $$a620 000864231 1001_ $$00000-0002-9720-1276$$aSunn Pedersen, T.$$b0$$eCorresponding author 000864231 245__ $$aFirst divertor physics studies in Wendelstein 7-X 000864231 260__ $$aVienna$$bIAEA$$c2019 000864231 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000864231 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000864231 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1565262317_23602 000864231 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000864231 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000864231 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000864231 520__ $$aThe Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) optimized stellarator fusion experiment, which went into operation in 2015, has been operating since 2017 with an un-cooled modular graphite divertor. This allowed first divertor physics studies to be performed at pulse energies up to 80 MJ, as opposed to 4 MJ in the first operation phase, where five inboard limiters were installed instead of a divertor. This, and a number of other upgrades to the device capabilities, allowed extension into regimes of higher plasma density, heating power, and performance overall, e.g. setting a new stellarator world record triple product. The paper focuses on the first physics studies of how the island divertor works. The plasma heat loads arrive to a very high degree on the divertor plates, with only minor heat loads seen on other components, in particular baffle structures built in to aid neutral compression. The strike line shapes and locations change significantly from one magnetic configuration to another, in very much the same way that codes had predicted they would. Strike-line widths are as large as 10 cm, and the wetted areas also large, up to about 1.5 m2, which bodes well for future operation phases. Peak local heat loads onto the divertor were in general benign and project below the 10 MW m−2 limit of the future water-cooled divertor when operated with 10 MW of heating power, with the exception of low-density attached operation in the high-iota configuration. The most notable result was the complete (in all 10 divertor units) heat-flux detachment obtained at high-density operation in hydrogen. 000864231 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174$$a174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)$$cPOF3-174$$fPOF III$$x0 000864231 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef 000864231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)159297$$aKönig, R.$$b1 000864231 7001_ $$00000-0002-6557-3497$$aJakubowski, M.$$b2 000864231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKrychowiak, M.$$b3 000864231 7001_ $$00000-0002-6109-9345$$aGradic, D.$$b4 000864231 7001_ $$00000-0001-7747-3066$$aKiller, C.$$b5 000864231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aNiemann, H.$$b6 000864231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSzepesi, T.$$b7 000864231 7001_ $$00000-0002-4107-9291$$aWenzel, U.$$b8 000864231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAli, A.$$b9 000864231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAnda, G.$$b10 000864231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBaldzuhn, J.$$b11 000864231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBarbui, T.$$b12 000864231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBiedermann, C.$$b13 000864231 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBlackwell, B. 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