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@ARTICLE{HaberPohlmeier:864354,
      author       = {Haber-Pohlmeier, S. and Tötzke, C. and Lehmann, E. and
                      Kardjilov, N. and Pohlmeier, A. and Oswald, S. E.},
      title        = {{C}ombination of {M}agnetic {R}esonance {I}maging and
                      {N}eutron {C}omputed {T}omography for {T}hree-{D}imensional
                      {R}hizosphere {I}maging},
      journal      = {Vadose zone journal},
      volume       = {18},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1539-1663},
      address      = {Alexandria, Va.},
      publisher    = {GeoScienceWorld},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-04150},
      pages        = {},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {In situ investigations of the rhizosphere require
                      high-resolution imaging techniques, which allow a look into
                      the optically opaque soil compartment. We present the novel
                      combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neutron
                      computed tomography (NCT) to achieve synergistic information
                      such as water mobility in terms of three-dimensional (3D)
                      relaxation time maps and total water content maps. Besides a
                      stationary MRI scanner for relaxation time mapping, we used
                      a transportable MRI system on site in the NCT facility to
                      capture rhizosphere properties before desiccation and after
                      subsequent rewetting. First, we addressed two questions
                      using water-filled test capillaries between 0.1 and 5 mm:
                      which root diameters can still be detected by both methods,
                      and to what extent are defined interfaces blurred by these
                      imaging techniques? Going to real root system architecture,
                      we demonstrated the sensitivity of the transportable MRI
                      device by co-registration with NCT and additional validation
                      using X-ray computed tomography. Under saturated conditions,
                      we observed for the rhizosphere in situ a zone with shorter
                      T1 relaxation time across a distance of about 1 mm that was
                      not caused by reduced water content, as proven by successive
                      NCT measurements. We conclude that the effective pore size
                      in the pore network had changed, induced by a gel phase.
                      After rewetting, NCT images showed a dry zone persisting
                      while the MRI intensity inside the root increased
                      considerably, indicating water uptake from the surrounding
                      bulk soil through the still hydrophobic rhizosphere.
                      Overall, combining NCT and MRI allows a more detailed
                      analysis of the rhizosphere’s functioning.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000464322900001},
      doi          = {10.2136/vzj2018.09.0166},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/864354},
}