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@ARTICLE{Zhang:864356,
      author       = {Zhang, Miaoyue and Bradford, Scott A. and Šimůnek, Jirka
                      and Vereecken, Harry and Klumpp, Erwin},
      title        = {{C}o-transport of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and sodium
                      dodecylbenzenesulfonate in chemically heterogeneous porous
                      media},
      journal      = {Environmental pollution},
      volume       = {247},
      issn         = {0269-7491},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-04152},
      pages        = {907 - 916},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are increasing used
                      in commercial applications and may be released into the
                      environment with anionic surfactants, such as sodium
                      dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), in sewer discharge. Little
                      research has examined the transport, retention, and
                      remobilization of MWCNTs in the presence or absence of SDBS
                      in porous media with controlled chemical heterogeneity, and
                      batch and column scale studies were therefore undertaken to
                      address this gap in knowledge. The adsorption isotherms of
                      SDBS on quartz sand (QS), goethite coated quartz sand (GQS),
                      and MWCNTs were determined. Adsorption of SDBS
                      (MWCNTs » GQS > QS) decreased zeta potentials for
                      these materials, and produced a charge reversal for
                      goethite. Transport of MWCNTs (5 mg L−1) dramatically
                      decreased with an increase in the fraction of GQS from 0 to
                      0.1 in the absence of SDBS. Conversely, co-injection of SDBS
                      (10 and 50 mg L−1) and MWCNTs radically increased the
                      transport of MWCNTs when the GQS fraction was 0, 0.1, and
                      0.3, especially at a higher SDBS concentration, and altered
                      the shape of retention profile. Mathematical modeling
                      revealed that competitive blocking was not the dominant
                      mechanism for the SDBS enhancement of MWCNT transport.
                      Rather, SDBS sorption increased MWCNT transport by
                      increasing electrostatic and/or steric interactions, or
                      creating reversible interactions on rough surfaces.
                      Sequential injection of pulses of MWCNTs and SDBS in sand
                      (0.1 GQS fraction) indicated that SDBS could mobilize some
                      of retained MWCNTs from the top to deeper sand layers, but
                      only a small amount of released MWCNTs were recovered in the
                      effluent. SDBS therefore had a much smaller influence on
                      MWCNT transport in sequential injection than in
                      co-injection, presumably because of a greater energy barrier
                      to MWCNT release than retention. This research sheds novel
                      insight on the roles of competitive blocking, chemical
                      heterogeneity and nanoscale roughness, and injection
                      sequence on MWCNT retention and release.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30823345},
      UT           = {WOS:000460844800098},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.106},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/864356},
}