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@ARTICLE{Liang:864359,
      author       = {Liang, Yan and Bradford, Scott A. and Šimůnek, Jiří and
                      Klumpp, Erwin},
      title        = {{M}echanisms of graphene oxide aggregation, retention, and
                      release in quartz sand},
      journal      = {The science of the total environment},
      volume       = {656},
      issn         = {0048-9697},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-04155},
      pages        = {70 - 79},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {The roles of graphene oxide (GO) particle geometry, GO
                      surface orientation, surface roughness, and nanoscale
                      chemical heterogeneity on interaction energies, aggregation,
                      retention, and release of GO in porous media were not fully
                      considered in previous studies. Consequently, mechanisms
                      controlling the environmental fate of GO were incompletely
                      or inaccurately quantified. To overcome this limitation,
                      plate-plate interaction energies were modified to account
                      for these factors and used in conjunction with a
                      mathematical model to interpret the results of GO
                      aggregation, retention, and release studies. Calculations
                      revealed that these factors had a large influence on the
                      predicted interaction energy parameters. Similar to previous
                      literature, the secondary minimum was predicted to dominate
                      on smooth, chemically homogeneous surfaces that were
                      oriented parallel to each other, especially at higher ionic
                      strength (IS). Conversely, shallow primary minimum
                      interactions were sometimes predicted to occur on surfaces
                      with nanoscale roughness and chemical heterogeneity due to
                      adsorbed Ca2+ ions, especially when the GO particles were
                      oriented perpendicular to the interacting surface.
                      Experimental results were generally consistent with these
                      predictions and indicated that the primary minimum played a
                      major role in GO retention and the secondary minimum
                      contributed to GO release with IS reduction. Cation exchange
                      (Na+ replacing Ca2+) enhanced GO release with IS reduction
                      when particles were initially deposited in the presence of
                      Ca2+ ions. However, retained GO were always completely
                      recovered into the excess deionized water when the sand pore
                      structure was destroyed during excavation, and this
                      indicates that primary minima were shallow and that the pore
                      structure also played an important role in GO retention.
                      Further evidence for the role of pore structure on GO
                      retention was obtained by conducting experiments in finer
                      textured sand and at higher input concentrations that
                      induced greater aggregation. In both cases, greater GO
                      retention occurred, and retention profiles became more
                      hyperexponential in shape.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30502736},
      UT           = {WOS:000455039600008},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.258},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/864359},
}