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@ARTICLE{Srarfi:864363,
      author       = {Srarfi, Feyda and Rachdi, Raouen and Bol, Roland and Gocke,
                      Martina I. and Brahim, Nadhem and SlimShimi, Najet},
      title        = {{S}tream sediments geochemistry and the influence of flood
                      phosphate mud in mining area, {M}etlaoui, {W}estern south of
                      {T}unisia},
      journal      = {Environmental earth sciences},
      volume       = {78},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {1866-6299},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-04158},
      pages        = {211},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Heavy metals in industrial wastes do worldwide
                      significantly influence surface waters, soils, and human
                      health. The relationships between geochemical stream
                      sediment composition and industrial pollution by phosphate
                      mud flood were examined to assess the severity level of the
                      heavy metal contamination due to the mining activities in
                      the Gafsa-Metlaoui basin (Tunisia). A statistical approach
                      based on linear correlations and principal components
                      analysis of 8 metal contents was used in stream sediment,
                      which was applied to 21 samples of surveyed Metlaoui stream.
                      Within the final model, four Eigen factors did explain
                      almost $90\%$ of the total variance matrix (F1: $42.25\%,$
                      F2: $19.60\%,$ F3: 15.50 and F4: $10.15\%).$ Three main
                      metal associations were found in the Metlaoui stream
                      sediment. The first was concerned with Titanium (Ti) and
                      Zirconium (Zr) as conservative elements. The second related
                      to the important role of Manganese (Mn) with Iron (Fe)
                      hydroxides in fixing metals. Finally, the third one
                      consisting of Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu) and
                      Molybdenum (Mo) is all known to be linked to local mining
                      activities sources. The overall degree of contamination was
                      in the following order (high to low):
                      Ti > Zr > Zn > Mo > Mn > Ni > Fe > Cu,
                      but the extent of the contamination did decrease downstream
                      from the mining activity. Phosphate mining activity,
                      especially washing phosphate, leads to an unwanted heavy
                      metals contamination in the nearby surrounding environment.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000460917000005},
      doi          = {10.1007/s12665-019-8215-2},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/864363},
}