% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Hennig:864366,
      author       = {Hennig, Michael Patrick and Maes, Hanna Maja and
                      Ottermanns, Richard and Schäffer, Andreas and Siebers,
                      Nina},
      title        = {{R}elease of radiolabeled multi-walled carbon nanotubes
                      (14{C}-{MWCNT}) from epoxy nanocomposites into quartz
                      sand-water systems and their uptake by {L}umbriculus
                      variegatus},
      journal      = {NanoImpact},
      volume       = {14},
      issn         = {2452-0748},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2019-04161},
      pages        = {100159 -},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Once plastic products containing multi-walled carbon
                      nanotubes (MWCNT) are disposed, UV-light exposure may
                      destabilize their structural integrity, leading to a release
                      of MWCNT into the environment that can possibly be taken up
                      by organisms and cause adverse effects. The aim of this
                      study was to quantify the released amount of embedded
                      14C–MWCNT epoxy (E) nanocomposites. Furthermore,
                      bioaccumulation of the released material was investigated in
                      Lumbriculus variegatus.The release of radioactivity (RA)
                      from irradiated (+SSR) E/14C-MWCNT composites was quantified
                      after a series of mechanical treatments and in a quartz
                      sand-water system. Non-irradiated composites served as
                      control group (-SSR). Unlabeled ±SSR-nanocomposites were
                      analyzed by means of electron microscopy. The exposure of
                      blackworms to the released material and the amount of RA in
                      the water phase, the quartz sand, and the faeces was
                      quantified.About $0.1\%$ of the embedded RA was released
                      from +SSR-nanocomposites by mechanical treatment and
                      exposure in the quartz sand-water system, which was about 23
                      times higher compared to -SSR composites. This corresponds
                      to around 3 mg 14C-MWCNT m−2 for both approaches. Based
                      on the released mass per composite area, +SSR plates set
                      free a 50-fold higher amount of RA. A detectable amount of
                      7.3 ± 1.8 ng of 14C-MWCNT was also found in the water
                      phase of the quartz sand-water systems. Electron microscopy
                      revealed an enhanced surface degradation of the composites
                      after SSR and mechanical treatments. Released polymer
                      particles also contained protruding MWCNT. An amount of
                      $2.4 ± 1.8\%$ of released RA was taken up by blackworms
                      after 2 d and about $66\%$ of ingested material was
                      eliminated again after 24 h.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {255 - Terrestrial Systems: From Observation to Prediction
                      (POF3-255)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-255},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000470659300013},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.impact.2019.100159},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/864366},
}